BIOLOGY 203 EXAM 1 SDSU
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (RATED
A+)
All living things are made up of what four classes of large biological molecules -
ANSWERCarbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids
what are Macromolecules - ANSWERlarge molecules composed of thousands of
covalently connected atoms
second shell - ANSWER2s orbital and 3 p orbitals that are shaped somewhat like
dumbbells
Chemical behavior of an atom depend on - ANSWERnumber of electrons in
outermost shell called valence electrons
covalent bonds - ANSWERelectron sharing
Can form between atoms of the same element or atoms of different elements
strongest bond
weak bonds, and purpose - ANSWERIonic bonds
- Hydrogen bonds
- Reinforce shapes of large molecules
- Help molecules adhere to each other
Ionic Bonds - ANSWERtransfer electrons between a cation and anion
salts
What Stabilizes Tertiary Structure? - ANSWERHydrophobic and van derWaals
Interactions:
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic interactions
disulfide bridges
how to determine protein structure - ANSWERX-ray crystallography
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
Bioinformatics
What Determines Protein Structure? - ANSWERprimary sequence
Physical and chemical conditions
Alterations in pH, salt concentration, temperature, or other environmental factors
Loss of a protein's native structure
, Chaperonins (Assist in protein folding within the cell)
denaturation - ANSWERde activation of protein; makes them loose structure
element - ANSWERsubstance that cannot be broken down to other substances by
chemical reactions
atom - ANSWERsmallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
Neutron mass and proton mass are almost identical and are measured in -
ANSWERdaltons
Are Molecular structure and function inseparable? - ANSWERyes
Macromolecules traits - ANSWERVary among cells of an organism, Vary more within
a species, Vary even more between species
what are polymers - ANSWERA substance who's structure consists mainly of smaller
units bonded together.
Carbohydrates & Lipid functions - ANSWERFuel molecules for energy, Structural
roles
Nucleic Acids function - ANSWERStore, Transmit, and Decode, Hereditary
Information, Also some structural roles
Proteins function - ANSWERPerform an incredible number of
functions!
• Structural proteins
• Transport proteins
• Enzymes
• Hormones & signaling molecules
• Storage proteins
• Receptor proteins
• Contractile & motor protein
• Defense proteins
Common Features of Macromolecules - ANSWERcan fold into complex 3-
dimensional shapes, specific shape depends on sequence of monomers
what are important in specifying and maintaining shape in macromolecules -
ANSWERIonic bonds, Hydrogen bonds and Van der Waal's interactions
The Function of a Macromolecule Is Determined by - ANSWERMolecular Shape
(Conformation) & Composition
Macromolecules such as proteins work by - ANSWERinteracting with other
molecules. These interactions depend on the molecules having complementary
shapes that fit together (like a lock and key).
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (RATED
A+)
All living things are made up of what four classes of large biological molecules -
ANSWERCarbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids
what are Macromolecules - ANSWERlarge molecules composed of thousands of
covalently connected atoms
second shell - ANSWER2s orbital and 3 p orbitals that are shaped somewhat like
dumbbells
Chemical behavior of an atom depend on - ANSWERnumber of electrons in
outermost shell called valence electrons
covalent bonds - ANSWERelectron sharing
Can form between atoms of the same element or atoms of different elements
strongest bond
weak bonds, and purpose - ANSWERIonic bonds
- Hydrogen bonds
- Reinforce shapes of large molecules
- Help molecules adhere to each other
Ionic Bonds - ANSWERtransfer electrons between a cation and anion
salts
What Stabilizes Tertiary Structure? - ANSWERHydrophobic and van derWaals
Interactions:
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic interactions
disulfide bridges
how to determine protein structure - ANSWERX-ray crystallography
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
Bioinformatics
What Determines Protein Structure? - ANSWERprimary sequence
Physical and chemical conditions
Alterations in pH, salt concentration, temperature, or other environmental factors
Loss of a protein's native structure
, Chaperonins (Assist in protein folding within the cell)
denaturation - ANSWERde activation of protein; makes them loose structure
element - ANSWERsubstance that cannot be broken down to other substances by
chemical reactions
atom - ANSWERsmallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
Neutron mass and proton mass are almost identical and are measured in -
ANSWERdaltons
Are Molecular structure and function inseparable? - ANSWERyes
Macromolecules traits - ANSWERVary among cells of an organism, Vary more within
a species, Vary even more between species
what are polymers - ANSWERA substance who's structure consists mainly of smaller
units bonded together.
Carbohydrates & Lipid functions - ANSWERFuel molecules for energy, Structural
roles
Nucleic Acids function - ANSWERStore, Transmit, and Decode, Hereditary
Information, Also some structural roles
Proteins function - ANSWERPerform an incredible number of
functions!
• Structural proteins
• Transport proteins
• Enzymes
• Hormones & signaling molecules
• Storage proteins
• Receptor proteins
• Contractile & motor protein
• Defense proteins
Common Features of Macromolecules - ANSWERcan fold into complex 3-
dimensional shapes, specific shape depends on sequence of monomers
what are important in specifying and maintaining shape in macromolecules -
ANSWERIonic bonds, Hydrogen bonds and Van der Waal's interactions
The Function of a Macromolecule Is Determined by - ANSWERMolecular Shape
(Conformation) & Composition
Macromolecules such as proteins work by - ANSWERinteracting with other
molecules. These interactions depend on the molecules having complementary
shapes that fit together (like a lock and key).
