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Number Number June 2025 Pearson Edexcel: GCSE (9–1)
History 1HI0/30 – Paper 3: Modern Depth
Study – Option 30: Russia and the Soviet
Union 1917–1941 – Merged Question
Paper & Mark Scheme
Paper
History 🟐 🟐
PAPER 3: Modern depth study
Option 30: Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• InThen
centre number and candidate number.
Section A, answer Question 1 and EITHER Question 2(a) OR Question 2(b).
answer all questions in Section B.
• – there may
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
be more space than you need.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 52.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
• The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
marks available for spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist
terminology are clearly indicated.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P75487RA
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
Y:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
, SECTION A
Answer Question 1 and then EITHER Question 2(a) OR Question 2(b).
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Study Source A below and then answer Question 1.
Source A: From an article in a British newspaper, written in March 1933. The author
had recently visited the main wheat-growing region in the USSR to see the impact of
collectivisation.
‘How are things with you?’ I asked one man. He looked around
anxiously to see that no soldiers were about.
‘We have nothing, absolutely nothing. They have taken everything
away,’ he said.
This is what I heard again and again. Some of the food that has
been taken away from the peasants is still being exported to
foreign countries.
Starving people are reluctant to talk about the future. To them, the
most important issue is how to get enough food to stay alive today
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
and tomorrow.
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2
■■■■
, 1 Give two things you can infer from Source A about the impact of collectivisation
in the 1930s.
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Complete the table below to explain your answer.
(i) What I can infer:
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .................................................................................................... .....
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
Details in the source that tell me this:
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ..................................................................................................... ....
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
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(ii) What I can infer:
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
Details in the source that tell me this:
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)
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3
■■■■ Turn over
, Answer EITHER Question 2(a) OR Question 2(b).
EITHER
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
2 (a) Explain why the Civil War broke out in 1918.
(12)
You may use the following in your answer:
• the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• the White armies
You must also use information of your own.
OR
(b) Explain why Stalin was able to establish a dictatorship in the USSR.
(12)
You may use the following in your answer:
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
• the use of purges
• propaganda
You must also use information of your own.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
4
■■■■
Number Number June 2025 Pearson Edexcel: GCSE (9–1)
History 1HI0/30 – Paper 3: Modern Depth
Study – Option 30: Russia and the Soviet
Union 1917–1941 – Merged Question
Paper & Mark Scheme
Paper
History 🟐 🟐
PAPER 3: Modern depth study
Option 30: Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• InThen
centre number and candidate number.
Section A, answer Question 1 and EITHER Question 2(a) OR Question 2(b).
answer all questions in Section B.
• – there may
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
be more space than you need.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 52.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
• The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
marks available for spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist
terminology are clearly indicated.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P75487RA
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
Y:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
, SECTION A
Answer Question 1 and then EITHER Question 2(a) OR Question 2(b).
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Study Source A below and then answer Question 1.
Source A: From an article in a British newspaper, written in March 1933. The author
had recently visited the main wheat-growing region in the USSR to see the impact of
collectivisation.
‘How are things with you?’ I asked one man. He looked around
anxiously to see that no soldiers were about.
‘We have nothing, absolutely nothing. They have taken everything
away,’ he said.
This is what I heard again and again. Some of the food that has
been taken away from the peasants is still being exported to
foreign countries.
Starving people are reluctant to talk about the future. To them, the
most important issue is how to get enough food to stay alive today
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
and tomorrow.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
2
■■■■
, 1 Give two things you can infer from Source A about the impact of collectivisation
in the 1930s.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Complete the table below to explain your answer.
(i) What I can infer:
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .................................................................................................... .....
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
Details in the source that tell me this:
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ..................................................................................................... ....
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
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(ii) What I can infer:
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
Details in the source that tell me this:
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .........................................................................................................
(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)
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3
■■■■ Turn over
, Answer EITHER Question 2(a) OR Question 2(b).
EITHER
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
2 (a) Explain why the Civil War broke out in 1918.
(12)
You may use the following in your answer:
• the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• the White armies
You must also use information of your own.
OR
(b) Explain why Stalin was able to establish a dictatorship in the USSR.
(12)
You may use the following in your answer:
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
• the use of purges
• propaganda
You must also use information of your own.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
4
■■■■
