NAVLE Practice Test
Questions and Answers
2024-2025, Exam for
Veterinary Medicine
,A 5 month old boar that is fast growing and heavily muscled is being evaluated because of progressive bilateral
lameness of the forelimbs. None of the other animals on the farm are affected. Which of the following is the
most likely cause of this condition?
A) Biotin deficiency
B) Osteochondrosis
C) Porcine Stress Syndrome
D) Rickets
E) Wobbler syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER -B
A) Biotin deficiency- other swine should be affected. Lesions should include hoof
deformities and hair loss.
B) Osteochondrosis- Lesions are often bilateral and symmetrical and occur in rapidly
growing pigs.
C) Porcine Stress Syndrome- genetic basis but typically needs a
triggering stressful event which is absent in the history. Signs would also include
hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and tremors.
D) Rickets- vitamin D deficiency (or phosphorus) more often in swine on
pasture. Signs would be likely to affect all limbs with shortening of them, deformities
(such as bow legs), and easy frequent fractures. (other swine should be affected)
E) Wobbler syndrome- cervical C1-C6 lesion that
would show signs in all limbs and is typically worse in the hindlimbs.
A 21-day-old Thoroughbred foal was turned into pasture with his dam at 8 am and found dead at 5 pm.
There are no signs of external trauma. Post mortem exam shows hepatomegaly with miliary necrotic foci.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of death?
,A) Equine viral arteritis
B) Equine viral rhinopneumonitis
C) Neonatal colibacillosis
D) Peracute salmonellosis
E) Tyzzer's disease - CORRECT ANSWER -E
A) Equine viral arteritis- more likely to cause abortions and respiratory
signs. Less likely to cause sudden death.
B) Equine viral rhinopneumonitis- Better known as equine herpes virus. Typically
more respiratory or neurologic signs are seen, not sudden death.
C) Neonatal colibacillosis- Diarrhea disease.
D) Peracute salmonellosis- A peracute salmonellosis can result in sudden death.
However this is more likely in adults and should not cause the liver changes seen on
necropsy.
E) Tyzzer's disease- Caused by Clostridium piliforme this disease often impacts
young, well-nourished animals. It is characterized by liver necrosis and acute liver
failure.
A dog's scapula is seen to rise dorsally beneath the skin when the dog bears weight. This finding can be an
indication of detachment of which of the following muscles?
A) Biceps brachii
B) Pectoralis profundus
C) Serratus ventralis
D) Trapezius
, E) Triceps brachii - CORRECT ANSWER -C
A vaginal smear obtained from a bitch shows epithelial cells with cytoplasmic granules or vacuoles (foam cells)
and varying numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These changes are most consistent with which of the
following stages of the estrous cycle?
A) Proestrus
B) Estrus
C) Metestrus
D) Diestrus
E)Anestrus - CORRECT ANSWER -A) Proestrus- expect to see parabasal to superficial cells, RBCs, and
bacteria.
B) Estrus- mostly superficial cells with full cornification .
C) Metestrus- Not really a thing in the dog/ an alternate term for diestrus maybe.
D) Diestrus- expect shift from superficial cells to parabasal or intermediate with
WBCs present.
E) Anestrus- like diestrus but without WBCs.
In the horse, laryngeal hemiplegia may be related to distal degeneration of the nerve supply to the adductor
muscle of the vocal fold. Which of the following nerves is most frequently involved?
A) Left cranial laryngeal nerve
B) Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
C) Left vagus nerve
D) Right cranial laryngeal nerve
E) Right recurrent laryngeal nerve - CORRECT ANSWER -B
Questions and Answers
2024-2025, Exam for
Veterinary Medicine
,A 5 month old boar that is fast growing and heavily muscled is being evaluated because of progressive bilateral
lameness of the forelimbs. None of the other animals on the farm are affected. Which of the following is the
most likely cause of this condition?
A) Biotin deficiency
B) Osteochondrosis
C) Porcine Stress Syndrome
D) Rickets
E) Wobbler syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER -B
A) Biotin deficiency- other swine should be affected. Lesions should include hoof
deformities and hair loss.
B) Osteochondrosis- Lesions are often bilateral and symmetrical and occur in rapidly
growing pigs.
C) Porcine Stress Syndrome- genetic basis but typically needs a
triggering stressful event which is absent in the history. Signs would also include
hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and tremors.
D) Rickets- vitamin D deficiency (or phosphorus) more often in swine on
pasture. Signs would be likely to affect all limbs with shortening of them, deformities
(such as bow legs), and easy frequent fractures. (other swine should be affected)
E) Wobbler syndrome- cervical C1-C6 lesion that
would show signs in all limbs and is typically worse in the hindlimbs.
A 21-day-old Thoroughbred foal was turned into pasture with his dam at 8 am and found dead at 5 pm.
There are no signs of external trauma. Post mortem exam shows hepatomegaly with miliary necrotic foci.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of death?
,A) Equine viral arteritis
B) Equine viral rhinopneumonitis
C) Neonatal colibacillosis
D) Peracute salmonellosis
E) Tyzzer's disease - CORRECT ANSWER -E
A) Equine viral arteritis- more likely to cause abortions and respiratory
signs. Less likely to cause sudden death.
B) Equine viral rhinopneumonitis- Better known as equine herpes virus. Typically
more respiratory or neurologic signs are seen, not sudden death.
C) Neonatal colibacillosis- Diarrhea disease.
D) Peracute salmonellosis- A peracute salmonellosis can result in sudden death.
However this is more likely in adults and should not cause the liver changes seen on
necropsy.
E) Tyzzer's disease- Caused by Clostridium piliforme this disease often impacts
young, well-nourished animals. It is characterized by liver necrosis and acute liver
failure.
A dog's scapula is seen to rise dorsally beneath the skin when the dog bears weight. This finding can be an
indication of detachment of which of the following muscles?
A) Biceps brachii
B) Pectoralis profundus
C) Serratus ventralis
D) Trapezius
, E) Triceps brachii - CORRECT ANSWER -C
A vaginal smear obtained from a bitch shows epithelial cells with cytoplasmic granules or vacuoles (foam cells)
and varying numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These changes are most consistent with which of the
following stages of the estrous cycle?
A) Proestrus
B) Estrus
C) Metestrus
D) Diestrus
E)Anestrus - CORRECT ANSWER -A) Proestrus- expect to see parabasal to superficial cells, RBCs, and
bacteria.
B) Estrus- mostly superficial cells with full cornification .
C) Metestrus- Not really a thing in the dog/ an alternate term for diestrus maybe.
D) Diestrus- expect shift from superficial cells to parabasal or intermediate with
WBCs present.
E) Anestrus- like diestrus but without WBCs.
In the horse, laryngeal hemiplegia may be related to distal degeneration of the nerve supply to the adductor
muscle of the vocal fold. Which of the following nerves is most frequently involved?
A) Left cranial laryngeal nerve
B) Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
C) Left vagus nerve
D) Right cranial laryngeal nerve
E) Right recurrent laryngeal nerve - CORRECT ANSWER -B
