BIO 242 Final Exam 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Verified Answers |
Already Graded A+
Industrial Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔production of organic compounds
such as antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, acids, solvents and enzymes.
Agricultural Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔concerned with the relationships
between microbes and domesticated plants and animals
Medical Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔study of microbes as they relate to
medicine (infections for example)
Public Health Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔control and spread of
communicable diseases and inspect food and water sources
Environmental Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔study of relationships
between microbes and among microbes, other organisms, and their
environment
,Pharmaceutical Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔manufacture of vaccines
and antibiotics
Who disproved spontaneous generation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Louis Pasteur
by swan neck flask experiment
Louis Pasteur - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. invented pasteurization
2. showed that human diseases arise from infection
Frederick Griffith - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Discovered transformation in S.
pneumoniae that has a smooth (S) capsule in its appearance was capable
of causing lethal infections upon injection into mice. Because of their lack of
a protective coat, the R-type bacteria are destroyed by the animal after the
injection.
How does the capsule contribute to pathogenicity? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔enhances the ability of bacteria to cause disease by preventing
phagocytosis
Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the organism to
which all other organisms can be traced back
, Gene Therapy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the insertion of working copies of a gene
into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the
disorder
Backbone of DNA chain is alternating and consists of ___ and _____ - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔phosphates, deoxyribose
The two strands of DNA are _____ and have______ base pairs - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔antiparallel, complimentary
What type of bonds hold the DNA strands together? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔hydrogen bonds
What are 3 types of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔1. Conjugation
2. Transformation
3. Transduction
What is conjugation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔transfer of DNA between bacteria
using a pilus
What is transformation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔process in which one strain of
bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
Questions and Verified Answers |
Already Graded A+
Industrial Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔production of organic compounds
such as antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, acids, solvents and enzymes.
Agricultural Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔concerned with the relationships
between microbes and domesticated plants and animals
Medical Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔study of microbes as they relate to
medicine (infections for example)
Public Health Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔control and spread of
communicable diseases and inspect food and water sources
Environmental Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔study of relationships
between microbes and among microbes, other organisms, and their
environment
,Pharmaceutical Microbiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔manufacture of vaccines
and antibiotics
Who disproved spontaneous generation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Louis Pasteur
by swan neck flask experiment
Louis Pasteur - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. invented pasteurization
2. showed that human diseases arise from infection
Frederick Griffith - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Discovered transformation in S.
pneumoniae that has a smooth (S) capsule in its appearance was capable
of causing lethal infections upon injection into mice. Because of their lack of
a protective coat, the R-type bacteria are destroyed by the animal after the
injection.
How does the capsule contribute to pathogenicity? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔enhances the ability of bacteria to cause disease by preventing
phagocytosis
Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the organism to
which all other organisms can be traced back
, Gene Therapy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the insertion of working copies of a gene
into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the
disorder
Backbone of DNA chain is alternating and consists of ___ and _____ - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔phosphates, deoxyribose
The two strands of DNA are _____ and have______ base pairs - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔antiparallel, complimentary
What type of bonds hold the DNA strands together? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔hydrogen bonds
What are 3 types of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔1. Conjugation
2. Transformation
3. Transduction
What is conjugation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔transfer of DNA between bacteria
using a pilus
What is transformation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔process in which one strain of
bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
