Psychology Chapters 1-14 exam
questions and answers
The scientific study of mind and behavior. - n
Ans✔
psychology
Qs
Any information collected through formal observation or measurement. - n
Ans✔
data
Qs
The tendency to think that we could have predicted something that has already
occurred that we probably would not have been able to predict. - n
Ans✔
hindsight bias
Qs
The set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct
empirical research. - n
Ans✔
scientific method
Qs
The perspectives that are used to understand behavior. - n
Ans✔
levels of explanation
,Qs
The variations among people on physical or psychological dimensions. - n
Ans✔
individual differences
Qs
Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements or "structures" of
psychological experience - n
Ans✔
structuralism
Qs
Attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular
psychological aspects that they currently possess - n
Ans✔
functionalism
Qs
Focuses on the role of our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and
memories and our early childhood experiences in determining behavior - n
Ans✔
psychodyamic
Qs
Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and
therefore that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behavior
itself - n
Ans✔
behaviorism
Qs
, The study of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory, and
judgments - n
Ans✔
cognitive
Qs
The study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find
themselves influence thinking and behavior - n
Ans✔
social-cultural
Qs
The proportion of the observed differences on characteristics among people (e.g.,
in terms of their height, intelligence, or optimism) that is due to genetics. - n
Ans✔
heritability
Qs
Are genes or environment most influential in determining the behavior of
individuals and in accounting for differences among people? - n
Ans✔
nature vs nurture
Qs
This question concerns the extent to which people have control over their own
actions. Are we the products of our environment, guided by forces out of our
control, or are we able to choose the behaviors we engage in? - n
Ans✔
free will vs determinism
Qs
To what extent are humans good information processors? - n
, Ans✔
accuracy vs inaccuracy
Qs
To what extent are we conscious of our own actions and the causes of them, and to
what extent are our behaviors caused by influences that we are not aware of? - n
Ans✔
conscious vs unconscious
Qs
To what extent are we all similar, and to what extent are we different? - n
Ans✔
differences vs similarities
Qs
Earliest psychologists that we know about. One believed that knowledge was
innate, and the other believed that each human is born as an empty slate. - n
Ans✔
plato and aristotle
Qs
A method of learning about psychological processes in which research participants
are asked to describe exactly what they experience as they work on mental tasks. -
n
Ans✔
introspection
Qs
A branch of psychology that applies the Darwinian theory of natural selection to
human and animal behavior. - n
Ans✔
questions and answers
The scientific study of mind and behavior. - n
Ans✔
psychology
Qs
Any information collected through formal observation or measurement. - n
Ans✔
data
Qs
The tendency to think that we could have predicted something that has already
occurred that we probably would not have been able to predict. - n
Ans✔
hindsight bias
Qs
The set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct
empirical research. - n
Ans✔
scientific method
Qs
The perspectives that are used to understand behavior. - n
Ans✔
levels of explanation
,Qs
The variations among people on physical or psychological dimensions. - n
Ans✔
individual differences
Qs
Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements or "structures" of
psychological experience - n
Ans✔
structuralism
Qs
Attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular
psychological aspects that they currently possess - n
Ans✔
functionalism
Qs
Focuses on the role of our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and
memories and our early childhood experiences in determining behavior - n
Ans✔
psychodyamic
Qs
Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and
therefore that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behavior
itself - n
Ans✔
behaviorism
Qs
, The study of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory, and
judgments - n
Ans✔
cognitive
Qs
The study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find
themselves influence thinking and behavior - n
Ans✔
social-cultural
Qs
The proportion of the observed differences on characteristics among people (e.g.,
in terms of their height, intelligence, or optimism) that is due to genetics. - n
Ans✔
heritability
Qs
Are genes or environment most influential in determining the behavior of
individuals and in accounting for differences among people? - n
Ans✔
nature vs nurture
Qs
This question concerns the extent to which people have control over their own
actions. Are we the products of our environment, guided by forces out of our
control, or are we able to choose the behaviors we engage in? - n
Ans✔
free will vs determinism
Qs
To what extent are humans good information processors? - n
, Ans✔
accuracy vs inaccuracy
Qs
To what extent are we conscious of our own actions and the causes of them, and to
what extent are our behaviors caused by influences that we are not aware of? - n
Ans✔
conscious vs unconscious
Qs
To what extent are we all similar, and to what extent are we different? - n
Ans✔
differences vs similarities
Qs
Earliest psychologists that we know about. One believed that knowledge was
innate, and the other believed that each human is born as an empty slate. - n
Ans✔
plato and aristotle
Qs
A method of learning about psychological processes in which research participants
are asked to describe exactly what they experience as they work on mental tasks. -
n
Ans✔
introspection
Qs
A branch of psychology that applies the Darwinian theory of natural selection to
human and animal behavior. - n
Ans✔
