TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
NH NH NH NH
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
2025 NH
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
NH NH NH
MULTIPLE CHOICE NH
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
a. Cells can produce proteins. NHc. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. NHd. Cells can synthesize fats.
NH NH NH N H NH NH NH
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
NH
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 2 NH
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome N H N H
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C NH
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
genetic information.
NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 2 NH
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
NH p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes N H
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B NH
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 8 NH
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
injury?
NH
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum NH NH
b. Golgi complex NH d. Lysosomes N H
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D NH
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
describe this process.
NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PGs 7-8 NH
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
NH cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
membrane.NH
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
membrane.NH
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A NH
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 7 | Figure 1-5 NH NH NH NH
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M N H
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B NH
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase,
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
NH NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 37 NH
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
active pumps?
NH NH
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates N H
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C NH
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
NH NH NH NH NH NH
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 13 | PG 15 NH NH NH NH
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
human diseases?
NH NH
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders NH NH NH
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders NH NH NH
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders NH NH NH
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders NH NH NH
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B NH
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
other options do not correctly describe this process.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H N H PG 15 NH
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
membrane?
NH
a. Carbohydrate chains NH c. Membrane channel proteins NH NH
b. Glycoprotein channels NH d. Lipid bilayer N H NH
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D NH
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
this process.
NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PGs 12-13 NH
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
NH NH NH NH
a. How a cell membrane functions NH NH NH NH
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid NH NH NH NH NH NH
c. How tissue is differentiated NH NH NH
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A NH
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
options do not explain the mosaic model.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
NH NH NH NH
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
2025 NH
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
NH NH NH
MULTIPLE CHOICE NH
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
a. Cells can produce proteins. NHc. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. NHd. Cells can synthesize fats.
NH NH NH N H NH NH NH
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
NH
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 2 NH
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome N H N H
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C NH
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
genetic information.
NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 2 NH
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
NH p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes N H
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B NH
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 8 NH
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
injury?
NH
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum NH NH
b. Golgi complex NH d. Lysosomes N H
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D NH
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
describe this process.
NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PGs 7-8 NH
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
NH cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
membrane.NH
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
membrane.NH
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A NH
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 7 | Figure 1-5 NH NH NH NH
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M N H
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B NH
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase,
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
NH NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 37 NH
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
active pumps?
NH NH
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates N H
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C NH
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
NH NH NH NH NH NH
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PG 13 | PG 15 NH NH NH NH
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
human diseases?
NH NH
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders NH NH NH
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders NH NH NH
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders NH NH NH
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders NH NH NH
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B NH
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
other options do not correctly describe this process.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H N H PG 15 NH
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
membrane?
NH
a. Carbohydrate chains NH c. Membrane channel proteins NH NH
b. Glycoprotein channels NH d. Lipid bilayer N H NH
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D NH
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
this process.
NH NH
PTS: N H N H 1 REF: N H PGs 12-13 NH
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
NH NH NH NH
a. How a cell membrane functions NH NH NH NH
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid NH NH NH NH NH NH
c. How tissue is differentiated NH NH NH
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A NH
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
options do not explain the mosaic model.
NH NH NH NH NH NH NH
