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SQA Higher Economics Q&A (150+ Questions) | Scarcity, Factors of Production, Market Systems, Demand | Economics

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This document features over 150 detailed exam questions with accurate, up-to-date answers aligned with the SQA Higher Economics curriculum for 2025/2026. It provides complete coverage of foundational and intermediate economic concepts, ideal for students preparing for prelims, final exams, or self-paced revision. Each concept is clearly explained with definitions, context, and applied reasoning, ensuring both theoretical and exam-based understanding. The content covers: Core Economic Concepts Scarcity, needs vs. wants, opportunity cost, economic goods vs. free goods Factors of production: land, labour, capital, enterprise Returns to factors: rent, wages, interest, profit Economic agents: consumers, businesses, government Basic economic problem and the three fundamental questions of economics: What to produce? How? For whom? Economic Systems & Decision-Making Types of economies: Free Market, Planned, and Mixed Economies Resource allocation, economic efficiency, and equity Characteristics of markets, shortages, and equilibrium Productivity, specialisation, and division of labour Microeconomic Principles Effective demand and supply, derived demand, and resource substitution Capital-labour substitution and its effects, including structural unemployment Production process and market interactions All answers are designed to meet the standard expected in Higher Economics national assessments, written in concise and exam-appropriate language. Students will also benefit from visual structuring and terminology consistent with current SQA exam formats. This resource is ideal for: Students in SQA Higher Economics, A-Level Economics, or IB Diploma Economics Learners pursuing foundation university-level Economics or business programs Tutors, teachers, or revision providers looking for a ready-made QA-based study bank Keywords: scarcity, opportunity cost, economic goods, free market economy, planned economy, mixed economy, factors of production, land, labour, capital, enterprise, economic agents, economic efficiency, equity, demand, supply, market equilibrium, derived demand, productivity, division of labour, specialisation, resource substitution, capital-labour substitution, structural unemployment, economic systems

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SQA Higher Economics 2025/2026 Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Latest Update



Scarcity - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A situation in which unlimited wants exceed the

limited resources available to fulfill those wants


Wants - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔something that people desire but that is not

necessary for survival


Needs - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Basic requirements for human survival


Factors of production - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔land, labour, capital, enterprise


Land - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔natural resources that are used to make goods and

services


Labour - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The physical and mental human effort used in the

production process

, Capital - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the tools, equipment, machinery, and factories

used in the production of goods and services


Enterprise - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The entrepreneur who takes risk by combining

the other factors of production


Free goods - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Goods that are unlimited in supply therefore

have no opportunity cost and do not command a price


Economic goods - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a product or service that can command a

price when sold, use scarce resources and incur an opportunity cost when

supplied


Opportunity cost - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the most desirable alternative given up as

the result of a decision (the sacrifice of the next best alternative).


Economic agents - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Consumer, Business and Governments.


Agents involved in Economic transactions.


Basic economic problem - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the mismatch of unlimited wants

and limited economic resources.


Unlimited wants - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the insatiable desire of consumers for

goods and services that will give them satisfaction or utility

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