StraighterLine BIO250 - Microbiology
Final Exam Study Guide 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass
What is a Transforming Infection? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Virus that alters cell
DNA, leading to cancer
What is a lysogenic infection? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Phage DNA is incorporated
into host genome and is passed on to subsequent generations
What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Host cell gets so
packed with viruses that is lyses (splits) open and releases mature virions
What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔1.) Isolate and ID viruses in clinical specimens
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
,3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on
hosts
What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1.)
Using live animal inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Prions, viroids, and satellite viruses.
List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔CHONPS
C - arbon
H - ydrogen
N - itrogen
P - hosphate
S - ulphur
What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and
Energy? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs,
chemoheterotrophs, lithoautotrophs
,Define Saprobe: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A microbe that decomposes organic
remains from dead organisms
Define Parasite - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An organism that lives in or within a host
from which it obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some
degree of harm to host
Define Diffusion: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔movement from high to low
Define Osmosis: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
hypotonic cell: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cells that are less concentrated than their
environment; water rushes in, may burst cell
hypertonic cell: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cells that are more concentrated than their
environment; water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel
isotonic cell: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔extracellular environment has the same
concentration of solutes as the cell cytoplasm
types of passive transport - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Facilitated diffusion, molecule-
specific, simple diffusion
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, facilitated diffusion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔passive transport: Movement of
specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels by
binding to receptors
molecule specific
transport - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is
limited by number of binding sites on transport proteins
simple diffusion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Fundamental property of atoms and
molecults that exist in a state of random motion
Name three types of active transport: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Carrier mediated,
group translocation, bulk transport
Carrier-mediated Transport is... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Active transport where
atoms or molecules are pumped into or out of the cell by specialized
receptors
Group translocation transport is.... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Active transport where
molecule is moved across membrane and converted to a metabolically
useful substance
Final Exam Study Guide 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass
What is a Transforming Infection? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Virus that alters cell
DNA, leading to cancer
What is a lysogenic infection? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Phage DNA is incorporated
into host genome and is passed on to subsequent generations
What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Host cell gets so
packed with viruses that is lyses (splits) open and releases mature virions
What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔1.) Isolate and ID viruses in clinical specimens
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
,3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on
hosts
What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1.)
Using live animal inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Prions, viroids, and satellite viruses.
List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔CHONPS
C - arbon
H - ydrogen
N - itrogen
P - hosphate
S - ulphur
What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and
Energy? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs,
chemoheterotrophs, lithoautotrophs
,Define Saprobe: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A microbe that decomposes organic
remains from dead organisms
Define Parasite - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An organism that lives in or within a host
from which it obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some
degree of harm to host
Define Diffusion: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔movement from high to low
Define Osmosis: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
hypotonic cell: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cells that are less concentrated than their
environment; water rushes in, may burst cell
hypertonic cell: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cells that are more concentrated than their
environment; water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel
isotonic cell: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔extracellular environment has the same
concentration of solutes as the cell cytoplasm
types of passive transport - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Facilitated diffusion, molecule-
specific, simple diffusion
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, facilitated diffusion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔passive transport: Movement of
specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels by
binding to receptors
molecule specific
transport - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is
limited by number of binding sites on transport proteins
simple diffusion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Fundamental property of atoms and
molecults that exist in a state of random motion
Name three types of active transport: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Carrier mediated,
group translocation, bulk transport
Carrier-mediated Transport is... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Active transport where
atoms or molecules are pumped into or out of the cell by specialized
receptors
Group translocation transport is.... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Active transport where
molecule is moved across membrane and converted to a metabolically
useful substance
