ESTUDYR
BIOL 101 UPDATED EXAM WITH MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED SUCCESS WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES
Which of the following is NOT considered a property of life?
A. Order
B. Reproduction
C. Inertia
D. Energy processing
Rationale: Inertia is a physical property, not a biological property. Living things exhibit order,
reproduction, growth, energy processing, adaptation, regulation, and response to environment.
A molecule that is water-loving and soluble in water is described as:
A. Hydrophobic
B. Hydrophilic
C. Amphipathic
D. Nonpolar
Rationale: Hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water; hydrophobic molecules repel water.
Which of these is one of the six important chemical groups often discussed in biology?
A. Sulfhydryl only
B. Hydroxyl
C. Carboxamide only
D. Ether
Rationale: Hydroxyl is one of the common functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl,
amino, phosphate, methyl).
Long chains made of smaller molecular subunits are called:
A. Monomers
B. Oligosaccharides
C. Polymers
D. Lipids
Rationale: Polymers are macromolecules composed of repeated monomer units (e.g.,
polysaccharides, proteins).
The building blocks of polymers are called:
A. Isotopes
B. Monomers
C. Organelles
,ESTUDYR
D. Nucleotides only
Rationale: Monomers (e.g., amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides) join to form polymers.
Simple sugar monomers such as glucose and fructose are called:
A. Disaccharides
B. Monosaccharides
C. Polysaccharides
D. Oligomers
Rationale: Monosaccharides are single sugar molecules (glucose, fructose, galactose).
A carbohydrate formed by a dehydration reaction joining two monosaccharides is a:
A. Monosaccharide
B. Disaccharide
C. Polysaccharide
D. Glycolipid
Rationale: Disaccharides (e.g., sucrose) result from two monosaccharides linked via glycosidic
bond.
Large polymers composed of thousands of sugar monomers (e.g., starch, cellulose) are:
A. Disaccharides
B. Monosaccharides
C. Polysaccharides
D. Glycoproteins
Rationale: Polysaccharides are long carbohydrate polymers used for storage or structure.
A molecule that repels water is termed:
A. Hydrophilic
B. Amphipathic
C. Hydrophobic
D. Polar
Rationale: Hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar and do not mix with water.
Lipids are generally constructed from:
A. Glycerol and fatty acids
B. Glycerol and fatty acids
C. Amino acids only
D. Monosaccharides only
Rationale: Triglycerides and phospholipids consist of glycerol backbone plus fatty acid chains.
An unsaturated fatty acid is characterized by:
A. No double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain
, ESTUDYR
B. One or more double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
C. Being solid at room temperature always
D. Containing phosphate groups
Rationale: Double bonds (kinks) denote unsaturation — common in plant oils.
Saturated fatty acids have which trait?
A. Multiple double bonds
B. Kinked chains
C. No double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
D. Always liquid at room temperature
Rationale: Saturated fats have straight hydrocarbon chains with single bonds only (typical of
animal fats).
Major membrane components that contain two fatty acids connected to glycerol are:
A. Triglycerides
B. Phospholipids
C. Steroids
D. Waxes
Rationale: Phospholipids have glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group — key to cell
membranes.
Lipids with a four-ring carbon skeleton are called:
A. Waxes
B. Triglycerides
C. Steroids
D. Phospholipids
Rationale: Steroids (e.g., cholesterol, hormones) have four fused rings.
Proteins are polymers of which monomers?
A. Nucleotides
B. Sugars
C. Amino acids
D. Fatty acids
Rationale: Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptides (proteins).
When a protein loses its shape and function due to heat or pH change, this is called:
A. Hydrolysis
B. Denaturation
C. Denaturing only reversible always
BIOL 101 UPDATED EXAM WITH MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED SUCCESS WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES
Which of the following is NOT considered a property of life?
A. Order
B. Reproduction
C. Inertia
D. Energy processing
Rationale: Inertia is a physical property, not a biological property. Living things exhibit order,
reproduction, growth, energy processing, adaptation, regulation, and response to environment.
A molecule that is water-loving and soluble in water is described as:
A. Hydrophobic
B. Hydrophilic
C. Amphipathic
D. Nonpolar
Rationale: Hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water; hydrophobic molecules repel water.
Which of these is one of the six important chemical groups often discussed in biology?
A. Sulfhydryl only
B. Hydroxyl
C. Carboxamide only
D. Ether
Rationale: Hydroxyl is one of the common functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl,
amino, phosphate, methyl).
Long chains made of smaller molecular subunits are called:
A. Monomers
B. Oligosaccharides
C. Polymers
D. Lipids
Rationale: Polymers are macromolecules composed of repeated monomer units (e.g.,
polysaccharides, proteins).
The building blocks of polymers are called:
A. Isotopes
B. Monomers
C. Organelles
,ESTUDYR
D. Nucleotides only
Rationale: Monomers (e.g., amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides) join to form polymers.
Simple sugar monomers such as glucose and fructose are called:
A. Disaccharides
B. Monosaccharides
C. Polysaccharides
D. Oligomers
Rationale: Monosaccharides are single sugar molecules (glucose, fructose, galactose).
A carbohydrate formed by a dehydration reaction joining two monosaccharides is a:
A. Monosaccharide
B. Disaccharide
C. Polysaccharide
D. Glycolipid
Rationale: Disaccharides (e.g., sucrose) result from two monosaccharides linked via glycosidic
bond.
Large polymers composed of thousands of sugar monomers (e.g., starch, cellulose) are:
A. Disaccharides
B. Monosaccharides
C. Polysaccharides
D. Glycoproteins
Rationale: Polysaccharides are long carbohydrate polymers used for storage or structure.
A molecule that repels water is termed:
A. Hydrophilic
B. Amphipathic
C. Hydrophobic
D. Polar
Rationale: Hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar and do not mix with water.
Lipids are generally constructed from:
A. Glycerol and fatty acids
B. Glycerol and fatty acids
C. Amino acids only
D. Monosaccharides only
Rationale: Triglycerides and phospholipids consist of glycerol backbone plus fatty acid chains.
An unsaturated fatty acid is characterized by:
A. No double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain
, ESTUDYR
B. One or more double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
C. Being solid at room temperature always
D. Containing phosphate groups
Rationale: Double bonds (kinks) denote unsaturation — common in plant oils.
Saturated fatty acids have which trait?
A. Multiple double bonds
B. Kinked chains
C. No double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
D. Always liquid at room temperature
Rationale: Saturated fats have straight hydrocarbon chains with single bonds only (typical of
animal fats).
Major membrane components that contain two fatty acids connected to glycerol are:
A. Triglycerides
B. Phospholipids
C. Steroids
D. Waxes
Rationale: Phospholipids have glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group — key to cell
membranes.
Lipids with a four-ring carbon skeleton are called:
A. Waxes
B. Triglycerides
C. Steroids
D. Phospholipids
Rationale: Steroids (e.g., cholesterol, hormones) have four fused rings.
Proteins are polymers of which monomers?
A. Nucleotides
B. Sugars
C. Amino acids
D. Fatty acids
Rationale: Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptides (proteins).
When a protein loses its shape and function due to heat or pH change, this is called:
A. Hydrolysis
B. Denaturation
C. Denaturing only reversible always
