Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 – Maryville
Questions with Correct Answers
100% Verified Graded A+
1. How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing?
Answer Low albumin
= more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka protein) = increased adverse effects
2. What is a Black Box Warning
Answer is considered a contraindication to administer that drug.
3. What is the drugs half-life?
Answer Half-life specifically means the amount of time it takes for an administered drug
to be halfway cleared from the system.
4. Peak of action
Answer the time between drug administration and maximum concentra- tion of drug in the
blood stream. Best therapeutic effect.
5. Duration of action
Answer the time between onset of action and metabolism of drug below the minimum
,needed for an effect. The length of time you have the drug in your system.
6. According to theWHO what is the first step in the prescribing process?
Answer The first step is to define the patient's problem
7. The second step is to
Answer specify the therapeutic objective
8. The third step is to
Answer choose which drug or treatment is needed.
9. Step 4 of the WHO approach
Answer Start the treatment
10. Step 5 of the WHO approach
Answer Educate the patient
11. Step 6 of the WHO approach
Answer Monitor the treatment
12. Phase 1 of drug development
Answer The drug is tested on healthy volunteers
13. Phase 2 of drug development
Answer trials with people who have the disease for which the drug is thought to be
effective
,14. Phase 3 of drug development
Answer Large numbers of patients in medical research centers receive the drug in phase 3.
This larger sampling provides information about infrequent or rare adverse effects. The FFA
will approve a new drug application if phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
15. Phase 4 of drug development
Answer This phase is voluntary and involves post- market surveillance of the drug's
therapeutic effects at the completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical company receives
reports from doctors and other health care professionals about the therapeutic results and
adverse effects of the drug. Some medications, for example, have been found to be toxic and
have been removed from the market after their initial release.
16. Explain first pass metabolism
Answer much of the drug is lost in the absorption process. The liver metabolizes many
drugs, thus reduces the bioavailabilty of the drug.
17. What is the fasted route of absorption
Answer The fastest route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered
the IV administration.
, 18. Why does the GI tract take longer to absorb?
Answer The GI tract is lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through these
cells in order to be absorbed into the circulatory system.
19. What is One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a given drug?
Answer the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially lipid bilayers which form a
semipermeable membrane. Pure lipid bilayers are generally permeable only to small and
uncharged solutes, hence whether or not a molecule is ionized will affect its absorption,
since ionic molecules are charged.
20. What is solubility?
Answer Solubility favors charged species, permeability favors neu- tral species. Some
molecules have special exchange proteins and channels to facilitate movement from the
lumen into the circulation.
21. Why does absorption occur at a slower rate for oral, IM, SQ routes?
Answer Ab- sorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex membrane systems of
GI mucosal layers, muscle, and skin delay drug passage.
22. The ability of a drug to cross a cell membrane depends on
Answer whether the drug is water or lipid (fat) soluble. Lipid-soluble drugs easily cross
through cell mem- branes; water-soluble drugs can't. Lipid-soluble drugs can also cross the
Questions with Correct Answers
100% Verified Graded A+
1. How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing?
Answer Low albumin
= more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka protein) = increased adverse effects
2. What is a Black Box Warning
Answer is considered a contraindication to administer that drug.
3. What is the drugs half-life?
Answer Half-life specifically means the amount of time it takes for an administered drug
to be halfway cleared from the system.
4. Peak of action
Answer the time between drug administration and maximum concentra- tion of drug in the
blood stream. Best therapeutic effect.
5. Duration of action
Answer the time between onset of action and metabolism of drug below the minimum
,needed for an effect. The length of time you have the drug in your system.
6. According to theWHO what is the first step in the prescribing process?
Answer The first step is to define the patient's problem
7. The second step is to
Answer specify the therapeutic objective
8. The third step is to
Answer choose which drug or treatment is needed.
9. Step 4 of the WHO approach
Answer Start the treatment
10. Step 5 of the WHO approach
Answer Educate the patient
11. Step 6 of the WHO approach
Answer Monitor the treatment
12. Phase 1 of drug development
Answer The drug is tested on healthy volunteers
13. Phase 2 of drug development
Answer trials with people who have the disease for which the drug is thought to be
effective
,14. Phase 3 of drug development
Answer Large numbers of patients in medical research centers receive the drug in phase 3.
This larger sampling provides information about infrequent or rare adverse effects. The FFA
will approve a new drug application if phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
15. Phase 4 of drug development
Answer This phase is voluntary and involves post- market surveillance of the drug's
therapeutic effects at the completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical company receives
reports from doctors and other health care professionals about the therapeutic results and
adverse effects of the drug. Some medications, for example, have been found to be toxic and
have been removed from the market after their initial release.
16. Explain first pass metabolism
Answer much of the drug is lost in the absorption process. The liver metabolizes many
drugs, thus reduces the bioavailabilty of the drug.
17. What is the fasted route of absorption
Answer The fastest route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered
the IV administration.
, 18. Why does the GI tract take longer to absorb?
Answer The GI tract is lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through these
cells in order to be absorbed into the circulatory system.
19. What is One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a given drug?
Answer the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially lipid bilayers which form a
semipermeable membrane. Pure lipid bilayers are generally permeable only to small and
uncharged solutes, hence whether or not a molecule is ionized will affect its absorption,
since ionic molecules are charged.
20. What is solubility?
Answer Solubility favors charged species, permeability favors neu- tral species. Some
molecules have special exchange proteins and channels to facilitate movement from the
lumen into the circulation.
21. Why does absorption occur at a slower rate for oral, IM, SQ routes?
Answer Ab- sorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex membrane systems of
GI mucosal layers, muscle, and skin delay drug passage.
22. The ability of a drug to cross a cell membrane depends on
Answer whether the drug is water or lipid (fat) soluble. Lipid-soluble drugs easily cross
through cell mem- branes; water-soluble drugs can't. Lipid-soluble drugs can also cross the
