PSY100 Midterm #1 UofT Questions With Complete
Solutions
Binocular disparity Correct Answer important cue of depth
perception caused by the distance between the eyes, which
provides each eye with a slightly different image. The brain uses
the disparity between these two images to compute distances.
Closure Correct Answer We tend to complete figures that
have gaps
Discuss coordinate systems in biopsych. Correct Answer The
hypothalamus connects the systems and the pituitary gland is the
master gland. Neural activation causes the hypothalamus to
secrete a releasing factor (corticotrophin-releasing factor) which
causes the pituitary gland to release a hormone specific to that
factor (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) the hormone than travels
through the bloodstream to target sites throughout the body
(adrenal cortex and releases cortisol)
Discuss correlational studies Correct Answer They tell us
about relationships between variables. For example " There is a
relationship between academic success and self esteem" or "
There is a relationship between outdoor temperatures and ice
cream sales". These are positive examples meaning both
variables change in the same direction. However remember that
Correlation is not causation. There could be a third variable
problem or a directionality problem.
Discuss depolarization Correct Answer If the neuron reaches
its excitatory threshold, it will fully depolarize causing it to fire.
,The Sodium channels open and the charge across the membrane
reverses (becomes more positive inside of the cell because of the
influx Na+)
Discuss Excitatory and Inhibitory signals Correct Answer
Excitatory signals increase the likelihood that the neuron will
fire
Inhibitory signals decrease the likelihood that the neuron will
fire.
They do this by affecting the polarization of the cell
The neurons fire if the excitatory input reaches a certain
threshold.
Discuss neurotransmitters. Correct Answer They are chemical
substances that carry signals from one neuron to another and are
stored in vesicles inside of the terminal buttons. Action
potentials cause the vesicles to fuse to the presynaptic
membrane and release their contents into the synaptic cleft,
where they are received by postsynaptic receptors on the
postsynaptic membrane. Ligand-gated channels with receptors
for neurotransmitters control what is let into the postsynaptic
neuron. Dendrites receive them and terminals transmit.
Discuss Quasi-Experiments Correct Answer Look a lot like
"real" experiments, but they have no random assignments to
conditions and the risk of potential confounds limits the claims
that a researcher can make. However they can be very useful for
studying variables where manipulation isn't possible or ethical.
, Discuss repolarization Correct Answer At the peak of the
action potential, Sodium channels will close and potassium
channels will open, allowing potassium to leave the cell. This
outflowing potassium leads to a temporary overpolarization, in
which the cell cannot fire. This is called the refractory period.
Discuss response performance. Correct Answer Things are
tested like reaction time, response accuracy and stimulus
judgements. These things are used to quantify perceptual or
cognitive processes in response to a specific stimulus.
For example how long does it take you to name the colour of a
word?
Discuss saltatory conduction Correct Answer If an axon is
myelinated action potentials are a lot faster. There is 20-300
layers of insulation over the ranvier, so each time the action
potentials are regenerated at each node to overcome the next
level of insulation and this speeds up the process but if it is
unmyelinated than the action potential is slower and it goes
through like a regular electrical circuit.
Discuss Self-Report bias Correct Answer People will respond
in a socially desirable way, what they think others would want to
hear instead of how they actually feel. People will also rate their
abilities to do something if asked, better than average.
Discuss the accuracy of data and the two different types of error
that can occur. Correct Answer Accuracy refers to the extent
to which an experimental measure is free from error.
Solutions
Binocular disparity Correct Answer important cue of depth
perception caused by the distance between the eyes, which
provides each eye with a slightly different image. The brain uses
the disparity between these two images to compute distances.
Closure Correct Answer We tend to complete figures that
have gaps
Discuss coordinate systems in biopsych. Correct Answer The
hypothalamus connects the systems and the pituitary gland is the
master gland. Neural activation causes the hypothalamus to
secrete a releasing factor (corticotrophin-releasing factor) which
causes the pituitary gland to release a hormone specific to that
factor (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) the hormone than travels
through the bloodstream to target sites throughout the body
(adrenal cortex and releases cortisol)
Discuss correlational studies Correct Answer They tell us
about relationships between variables. For example " There is a
relationship between academic success and self esteem" or "
There is a relationship between outdoor temperatures and ice
cream sales". These are positive examples meaning both
variables change in the same direction. However remember that
Correlation is not causation. There could be a third variable
problem or a directionality problem.
Discuss depolarization Correct Answer If the neuron reaches
its excitatory threshold, it will fully depolarize causing it to fire.
,The Sodium channels open and the charge across the membrane
reverses (becomes more positive inside of the cell because of the
influx Na+)
Discuss Excitatory and Inhibitory signals Correct Answer
Excitatory signals increase the likelihood that the neuron will
fire
Inhibitory signals decrease the likelihood that the neuron will
fire.
They do this by affecting the polarization of the cell
The neurons fire if the excitatory input reaches a certain
threshold.
Discuss neurotransmitters. Correct Answer They are chemical
substances that carry signals from one neuron to another and are
stored in vesicles inside of the terminal buttons. Action
potentials cause the vesicles to fuse to the presynaptic
membrane and release their contents into the synaptic cleft,
where they are received by postsynaptic receptors on the
postsynaptic membrane. Ligand-gated channels with receptors
for neurotransmitters control what is let into the postsynaptic
neuron. Dendrites receive them and terminals transmit.
Discuss Quasi-Experiments Correct Answer Look a lot like
"real" experiments, but they have no random assignments to
conditions and the risk of potential confounds limits the claims
that a researcher can make. However they can be very useful for
studying variables where manipulation isn't possible or ethical.
, Discuss repolarization Correct Answer At the peak of the
action potential, Sodium channels will close and potassium
channels will open, allowing potassium to leave the cell. This
outflowing potassium leads to a temporary overpolarization, in
which the cell cannot fire. This is called the refractory period.
Discuss response performance. Correct Answer Things are
tested like reaction time, response accuracy and stimulus
judgements. These things are used to quantify perceptual or
cognitive processes in response to a specific stimulus.
For example how long does it take you to name the colour of a
word?
Discuss saltatory conduction Correct Answer If an axon is
myelinated action potentials are a lot faster. There is 20-300
layers of insulation over the ranvier, so each time the action
potentials are regenerated at each node to overcome the next
level of insulation and this speeds up the process but if it is
unmyelinated than the action potential is slower and it goes
through like a regular electrical circuit.
Discuss Self-Report bias Correct Answer People will respond
in a socially desirable way, what they think others would want to
hear instead of how they actually feel. People will also rate their
abilities to do something if asked, better than average.
Discuss the accuracy of data and the two different types of error
that can occur. Correct Answer Accuracy refers to the extent
to which an experimental measure is free from error.
