Midterml Exam:l NRl 567/l NR567l (Latestl
2026/l 2027l Update)l Advancedl
Pharmacologyl forl thel AGACNPl Reviewl
|Q/Al |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)l -Chamberlain
Q:l Whatl arel thel sidel effectsl ofl non-selectivel beta-blockers?
Answer:
Reboundl cardiacl excitation,l reducedl cardiacl output,l bradycardia,l AVl block,l worseningl
respiratoryl status,l andl CNSl reactions.
Q:l Whatl isl al significantl riskl ofl abruptlyl discontinuingl certainl beta-blockers?
Answer:
Itl canl causel anginal orl myocardiall infarction.
Q:l Whatl shouldl bel monitoredl inl patientsl takingl beta-blockers?
Answer:
BMPl (glucose)l tol assessl kidneyl function.
Q:l Whatl arel thel effectsl ofl selectivel beta-1l blockersl comparedl tol non-selectivel beta-
blockers?
Answer:
Selectivel beta-1l blockersl reducel heartl ratel andl contractionl withoutl affectingl beta-2l
receptors,l whichl canl causel bronchoconstriction.
,Q:l Whatl isl thel impactl ofl beta-blockersl onl mortalityl post-MI?
Answer:
Theyl reducel mortalityl andl thel riskl ofl subsequentl MIl byl decreasingl cardiacl oxygenl
demand.
Q:l Whatl isl thel mechanisml ofl actionl (MOA)l ofl Clopidogrel?
Answer:
Clopidogrell irreversiblyl inhibitsl P2Y12l ADPl receptors,l leadingl tol decreasedl plateletl
aggregation.
Q:l Whatl arel thel sidel effectsl ofl GPIIb/IIIal inhibitorsl likel Abciximabl andl Eptifibatide?
Answer:
Sidel effectsl includel bleedingl andl thrombocytopenia.
Q:l Whatl isl thel rolel ofl anti-plateletl therapyl inl thel treatmentl ofl angina?
Answer:
Anti-plateletl therapy,l includingl Clopidogrell andl Abciximab,l helpsl preventl plateletl
aggregationl tol reducel thel riskl ofl clotl formation.
Q:l Whatl arel thel fibrinolyticsl usedl inl thel treatmentl ofl angina?
Answer:
Alteplase,l Reteplase,l andl Tenecteplasel arel fibrinolyticsl thatl convertl plasminogenl tol
plasmin,l dissolvingl fibrinl clots.
Q:l Whatl arel thel contraindicationsl forl thel usel ofl fibrinolytics?
,Answer:
Contraindicationsl includel activel internall bleeding,l recentl majorl surgeryl orl trauma,l
historyl ofl hemorrhagicl stroke,l severel hypertension,l andl suspectedl aorticl dissection.
Q:l Whatl isl thel mechanisml ofl actionl ofl Heparin?
Answer:
Heparinl enhancesl thel activityl ofl antithrombinl III,l inhibitingl severall clottingl factors,l
mainlyl thrombinl andl Factorl Xa,l preventingl bloodl clotl formation.
Q:l Whatl arel thel sidel effectsl associatedl withl Heparin?
Answer:
Sidel effectsl includel hemorrhage,l heparin-inducedl thrombocytopenia,l locall reactions,l andl
hypersensitivityl reactions.
Q:l Whatl monitoringl isl requiredl forl patientsl onl Heparin?
Answer:
Monitoringl includesl completel bloodl countl (CBC),l plateletl countsl forl HIT,l andl
occasionall aPTTl forl IVl administration.
Q:l Whatl arel thel thionamidesl usedl inl thel treatmentl ofl hyperthyroidism?
Answer:
Methimazolel andl Propylthiouracill (PTU)l inhibitl thyroidl peroxidasel andl blockl thyroidl
hormonel synthesis.
Q:l Whatl arel thel adversel effectsl ofl usingl epinephrine?
Answer:
Adversel effectsl includel tachycardia,l hypertension,l arrhythmias,l anxiety,l tremor,l headache,l
hyperglycemia,l andl tissuel necrosisl ifl extravasationl occurs.
, Q:l Whatl arel thel sidel effectsl ofl MAOl Inhibitorsl (MAOIs)?
Answer:
Sidel effectsl includel hypertensivel crisis,l orthostaticl hypotension,l weightl gain,l insomnia,l
sexuall dysfunction,l andl serotoninl syndrome.
Q:l Howl dol MAOIsl interactl withl epinephrine?
Answer:
MAOIsl canl causel severel hypertensionl duel tol excessl norepinephrinel froml blockedl
MAO,l prolongingl andl intensifyingl epinephrinel effects.
Q:l Whatl isl thel clinicall usel ofl Dobutamine?
Answer:
Dobutaminel stimulatesl beta-1l adrenergicl receptors,l increasingl contractilityl andl cardiacl
output,l andl isl usedl inl cardiogenicl shockl andl heartl failure.
Q:l Whatl monitoringl isl requiredl forl patientsl receivingl Dobutamine?
Answer:
Monitoringl includesl ECG,l bloodl pressure,l heartl rate,l andl cardiacl output.
Q:l Whatl isl thel initiall dosel rangel forl Dobutaminel inl IVl infusion?
Answer:
Thel initiall dosel isl 0.5-1l mcg/kg/min,l butl canl startl atl 2.5l mcg/kg/minl inl severel cardiacl
decompensation.
Q:l Whatl isl Isoproterenoll usedl forl inl thel treatmentl ofl AVl block?
2026/l 2027l Update)l Advancedl
Pharmacologyl forl thel AGACNPl Reviewl
|Q/Al |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Answers)l -Chamberlain
Q:l Whatl arel thel sidel effectsl ofl non-selectivel beta-blockers?
Answer:
Reboundl cardiacl excitation,l reducedl cardiacl output,l bradycardia,l AVl block,l worseningl
respiratoryl status,l andl CNSl reactions.
Q:l Whatl isl al significantl riskl ofl abruptlyl discontinuingl certainl beta-blockers?
Answer:
Itl canl causel anginal orl myocardiall infarction.
Q:l Whatl shouldl bel monitoredl inl patientsl takingl beta-blockers?
Answer:
BMPl (glucose)l tol assessl kidneyl function.
Q:l Whatl arel thel effectsl ofl selectivel beta-1l blockersl comparedl tol non-selectivel beta-
blockers?
Answer:
Selectivel beta-1l blockersl reducel heartl ratel andl contractionl withoutl affectingl beta-2l
receptors,l whichl canl causel bronchoconstriction.
,Q:l Whatl isl thel impactl ofl beta-blockersl onl mortalityl post-MI?
Answer:
Theyl reducel mortalityl andl thel riskl ofl subsequentl MIl byl decreasingl cardiacl oxygenl
demand.
Q:l Whatl isl thel mechanisml ofl actionl (MOA)l ofl Clopidogrel?
Answer:
Clopidogrell irreversiblyl inhibitsl P2Y12l ADPl receptors,l leadingl tol decreasedl plateletl
aggregation.
Q:l Whatl arel thel sidel effectsl ofl GPIIb/IIIal inhibitorsl likel Abciximabl andl Eptifibatide?
Answer:
Sidel effectsl includel bleedingl andl thrombocytopenia.
Q:l Whatl isl thel rolel ofl anti-plateletl therapyl inl thel treatmentl ofl angina?
Answer:
Anti-plateletl therapy,l includingl Clopidogrell andl Abciximab,l helpsl preventl plateletl
aggregationl tol reducel thel riskl ofl clotl formation.
Q:l Whatl arel thel fibrinolyticsl usedl inl thel treatmentl ofl angina?
Answer:
Alteplase,l Reteplase,l andl Tenecteplasel arel fibrinolyticsl thatl convertl plasminogenl tol
plasmin,l dissolvingl fibrinl clots.
Q:l Whatl arel thel contraindicationsl forl thel usel ofl fibrinolytics?
,Answer:
Contraindicationsl includel activel internall bleeding,l recentl majorl surgeryl orl trauma,l
historyl ofl hemorrhagicl stroke,l severel hypertension,l andl suspectedl aorticl dissection.
Q:l Whatl isl thel mechanisml ofl actionl ofl Heparin?
Answer:
Heparinl enhancesl thel activityl ofl antithrombinl III,l inhibitingl severall clottingl factors,l
mainlyl thrombinl andl Factorl Xa,l preventingl bloodl clotl formation.
Q:l Whatl arel thel sidel effectsl associatedl withl Heparin?
Answer:
Sidel effectsl includel hemorrhage,l heparin-inducedl thrombocytopenia,l locall reactions,l andl
hypersensitivityl reactions.
Q:l Whatl monitoringl isl requiredl forl patientsl onl Heparin?
Answer:
Monitoringl includesl completel bloodl countl (CBC),l plateletl countsl forl HIT,l andl
occasionall aPTTl forl IVl administration.
Q:l Whatl arel thel thionamidesl usedl inl thel treatmentl ofl hyperthyroidism?
Answer:
Methimazolel andl Propylthiouracill (PTU)l inhibitl thyroidl peroxidasel andl blockl thyroidl
hormonel synthesis.
Q:l Whatl arel thel adversel effectsl ofl usingl epinephrine?
Answer:
Adversel effectsl includel tachycardia,l hypertension,l arrhythmias,l anxiety,l tremor,l headache,l
hyperglycemia,l andl tissuel necrosisl ifl extravasationl occurs.
, Q:l Whatl arel thel sidel effectsl ofl MAOl Inhibitorsl (MAOIs)?
Answer:
Sidel effectsl includel hypertensivel crisis,l orthostaticl hypotension,l weightl gain,l insomnia,l
sexuall dysfunction,l andl serotoninl syndrome.
Q:l Howl dol MAOIsl interactl withl epinephrine?
Answer:
MAOIsl canl causel severel hypertensionl duel tol excessl norepinephrinel froml blockedl
MAO,l prolongingl andl intensifyingl epinephrinel effects.
Q:l Whatl isl thel clinicall usel ofl Dobutamine?
Answer:
Dobutaminel stimulatesl beta-1l adrenergicl receptors,l increasingl contractilityl andl cardiacl
output,l andl isl usedl inl cardiogenicl shockl andl heartl failure.
Q:l Whatl monitoringl isl requiredl forl patientsl receivingl Dobutamine?
Answer:
Monitoringl includesl ECG,l bloodl pressure,l heartl rate,l andl cardiacl output.
Q:l Whatl isl thel initiall dosel rangel forl Dobutaminel inl IVl infusion?
Answer:
Thel initiall dosel isl 0.5-1l mcg/kg/min,l butl canl startl atl 2.5l mcg/kg/minl inl severel cardiacl
decompensation.
Q:l Whatl isl Isoproterenoll usedl forl inl thel treatmentl ofl AVl block?
