NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam for
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A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? -
correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? -
correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer:
Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? -
correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which
reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused
by an _____ gene - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Autosomal recessive
,How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - correct answer✨✔✔
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - correct
answer✨✔✔ Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - correct answer✨✔✔
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? - correct
answer✨✔✔ Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result
from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X
chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely
spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. - correct answer✨✔✔
Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is
associated with: - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? -
correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Provide growth
factor for tissue growth and development
, A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will
support this diagnosis? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4
dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer:
Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure
(colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of
which of the following types of transport? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92
chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? - correct
answer✨✔✔ Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Because the
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism - correct answer✨✔✔ A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less
productive than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH - correct answer✨✔✔ Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium - correct answer✨✔✔ parathyroid glands responsible for regulating ___ levels.
Walden University 2027/2028 | Authentic Exam and Practice
Questions Bank | Verified and Accurate with Detailed
Solutions | Guaranteed Success
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? -
correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? -
correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer:
Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? -
correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which
reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused
by an _____ gene - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Autosomal recessive
,How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - correct answer✨✔✔
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - correct
answer✨✔✔ Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - correct answer✨✔✔
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? - correct
answer✨✔✔ Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result
from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X
chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely
spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. - correct answer✨✔✔
Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is
associated with: - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? -
correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Provide growth
factor for tissue growth and development
, A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will
support this diagnosis? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4
dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer:
Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure
(colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of
which of the following types of transport? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92
chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? - correct
answer✨✔✔ Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - correct answer✨✔✔ Answer: Because the
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism - correct answer✨✔✔ A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less
productive than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH - correct answer✨✔✔ Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium - correct answer✨✔✔ parathyroid glands responsible for regulating ___ levels.
