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NUR 631 Final Exam – 2025/2026 Edition | Verified
Questions, Correct Answers & Detailed Explanations
Which disorders are considered autoimmune?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Crohn disease
b. Addison disease
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. Systemic lupus erythematosus
e. Noninsulin-dependent diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER=a.
Exp: Crohn disease, Addison disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus
erythematosus are all diseases that result from autoimmune pathologic conditions.
Insulin-dependent diabetes is also an autoimmune disorder, but noninsulin-
dependent diabetes is not. page 264-265 Table 9-2
The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by
which class of immunoglobulins?
a. IgE
c. IgG
b. IgM
d. T cells - CORRECT ANSWER=a. IgE
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Exp: Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of
tissue mast cells (see figure 9-1). The most common allergies (e.g., pollen
allergies) are type I reactions. In addition, most type I reactions occur against
environmental antigens and are therefore allergic. The other options do not
accurately identify the mediation factor related to hay fever. page 263
Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction?
a. IgA
c. IgE
b. IgG
d. IgM - CORRECT ANSWER=c. IgE
Exp: Type I reactions are only mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products
of tissue mast cells (see figure 9-1). page 263
Which statements are true concerning the humoral immune response? (Select all
that apply.)
a. The humoral immune response is divided into major and minor phases.
b. The response has IgG and IgM produced during each of its phrases.
c. It has a greater presence of IgG than IgM in one of its phases.
d. The humoral immune response is produced in reaction to the presence of an
antigen.
e. Phases differ in their response time as a result of the effect of memory cells. -
CORRECT ANSWER=b. The response has IgG and IgM produced during each of
its phrases.
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c. It has a greater presence of IgG than IgM in one of its phases.
d. The humoral immune response is produced in reaction to the presence of an
antigen.
e. Phases differ in their response time as a result of the effect of memory cells.
Exp: The humoral immune response is divided into two phases, primary and
secondary. These phases differ in the relative amounts of IgG produced-the
secondary response having a significantly higher proportion of IgG relative to IgM.
The two phases also differ in the speed with which each occurs after the antigen
challenge-the secondary phases is significantly more rapid than the primary phase
because of the presence of memory cells in the secondary phase. page 247
Antibodies that are associated with mucosal immune system, such as
immunoglobulins, function to prevent which type of infections?
a. Infections that attack the respiratory system
b. Infections that tend to be chronic in nature
c. Infections likely to be resistant to antibiotics
d. Infections that focus on epithelial surfaces of the body - CORRECT
ANSWER=d. Infections that focus on epithelial surfaces of the body
Exp: Antibodies of the systemic immune system function throughout the body,
whereas antibodies of the secretory (mucosal) immune system-primarily
immunoglobulins of the IgA class-are associated with bodily secretions and
function to prevent pathogenic infection on epithelial surfaces. The other options
are not necessarily true when considering the immunoglobulins. page 252-253
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Raynaud phenomenon is classified as a type III hypersensitivity reaction and is due
to:
a. Immune complexes that are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation
b. Mast cells that are bound to specific endothelial receptors, causing them to
degranulate and creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary
circulation
c. Cytotoxic T cells that attack and destroy the capillaries so that the" are unable to
perfuse local tissues
d. Antibodies that detect the capillaries as foreign protein and destroy them using
lysosomal enzymes and toxic oxygen species - CORRECT ANSWER=a. Immune
complexes that are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation
Exp: Raynaud phenomenon is a condition caused by the temperature-dependent
deposition of immune complexes in the capillary beds of the peripheral circulation.
None of the other options are involved in causing this condition. page 270
When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed
by the fetus, that reaction occurs?
a. T-cell immunity
b. Alloimmunity
c. Fetal immunity
d. Autoimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER=b. Alloimmunity
Exp: Alloimmunity occurs when an individual's immune system reacts against
antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species. Sensitization against
fetal antigens is not the cause of any other available option. page 276
NUR 631 Final Exam – 2025/2026 Edition | Verified
Questions, Correct Answers & Detailed Explanations
Which disorders are considered autoimmune?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Crohn disease
b. Addison disease
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. Systemic lupus erythematosus
e. Noninsulin-dependent diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER=a.
Exp: Crohn disease, Addison disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus
erythematosus are all diseases that result from autoimmune pathologic conditions.
Insulin-dependent diabetes is also an autoimmune disorder, but noninsulin-
dependent diabetes is not. page 264-265 Table 9-2
The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by
which class of immunoglobulins?
a. IgE
c. IgG
b. IgM
d. T cells - CORRECT ANSWER=a. IgE
,2|Page
Exp: Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of
tissue mast cells (see figure 9-1). The most common allergies (e.g., pollen
allergies) are type I reactions. In addition, most type I reactions occur against
environmental antigens and are therefore allergic. The other options do not
accurately identify the mediation factor related to hay fever. page 263
Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction?
a. IgA
c. IgE
b. IgG
d. IgM - CORRECT ANSWER=c. IgE
Exp: Type I reactions are only mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products
of tissue mast cells (see figure 9-1). page 263
Which statements are true concerning the humoral immune response? (Select all
that apply.)
a. The humoral immune response is divided into major and minor phases.
b. The response has IgG and IgM produced during each of its phrases.
c. It has a greater presence of IgG than IgM in one of its phases.
d. The humoral immune response is produced in reaction to the presence of an
antigen.
e. Phases differ in their response time as a result of the effect of memory cells. -
CORRECT ANSWER=b. The response has IgG and IgM produced during each of
its phrases.
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c. It has a greater presence of IgG than IgM in one of its phases.
d. The humoral immune response is produced in reaction to the presence of an
antigen.
e. Phases differ in their response time as a result of the effect of memory cells.
Exp: The humoral immune response is divided into two phases, primary and
secondary. These phases differ in the relative amounts of IgG produced-the
secondary response having a significantly higher proportion of IgG relative to IgM.
The two phases also differ in the speed with which each occurs after the antigen
challenge-the secondary phases is significantly more rapid than the primary phase
because of the presence of memory cells in the secondary phase. page 247
Antibodies that are associated with mucosal immune system, such as
immunoglobulins, function to prevent which type of infections?
a. Infections that attack the respiratory system
b. Infections that tend to be chronic in nature
c. Infections likely to be resistant to antibiotics
d. Infections that focus on epithelial surfaces of the body - CORRECT
ANSWER=d. Infections that focus on epithelial surfaces of the body
Exp: Antibodies of the systemic immune system function throughout the body,
whereas antibodies of the secretory (mucosal) immune system-primarily
immunoglobulins of the IgA class-are associated with bodily secretions and
function to prevent pathogenic infection on epithelial surfaces. The other options
are not necessarily true when considering the immunoglobulins. page 252-253
, 4|Page
Raynaud phenomenon is classified as a type III hypersensitivity reaction and is due
to:
a. Immune complexes that are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation
b. Mast cells that are bound to specific endothelial receptors, causing them to
degranulate and creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary
circulation
c. Cytotoxic T cells that attack and destroy the capillaries so that the" are unable to
perfuse local tissues
d. Antibodies that detect the capillaries as foreign protein and destroy them using
lysosomal enzymes and toxic oxygen species - CORRECT ANSWER=a. Immune
complexes that are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation
Exp: Raynaud phenomenon is a condition caused by the temperature-dependent
deposition of immune complexes in the capillary beds of the peripheral circulation.
None of the other options are involved in causing this condition. page 270
When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed
by the fetus, that reaction occurs?
a. T-cell immunity
b. Alloimmunity
c. Fetal immunity
d. Autoimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER=b. Alloimmunity
Exp: Alloimmunity occurs when an individual's immune system reacts against
antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species. Sensitization against
fetal antigens is not the cause of any other available option. page 276
