1
WGU C458 HEALTH,WELLNESS AND FITNESS
(OA) OBJECTIVE REAL Questions and
Correct Answers
Nutrition
Ans✅✅: provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its
daily tasks
Undernutrition
Ans✅✅: implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients.
This can occur even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
Ans✅✅: an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
Ans✅✅: literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A
person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an
irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and
rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles
in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia
Ans✅✅: characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during
which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period of time
followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives
and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED)
Pretest - Stuvia US
,2
Ans✅✅: episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly,
eating large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling
guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity
Ans✅✅: 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns;
include increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and
meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At
risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension,
heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals
Ans✅✅: inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones),
maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure,
and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
Ans✅✅: needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals
Ans✅✅: required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium,
magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
Ans✅✅: protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good"
cholesterol.
Pretest - Stuvia US
,3
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)
Ans✅✅: most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred
to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the risk of
fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the risk
of a heart attack
Lipoproteins
Ans✅✅: large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how
cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants
Ans✅✅: slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with
free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions
Ans✅✅: the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom
adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a
substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate
that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle,
an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one
positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant)
Ans✅✅: any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron.
Because electrons typically function in pairs, these are very prone to
binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status.
When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a great deal
of damage.
Carbohydrates
Ans✅✅: produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include
fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars and
starches
Pretest - Stuvia US
, 4
Protein
Ans✅✅: produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats
and milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12
nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform many functions
including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and
fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process
can take place, without it
Lipids
Ans✅✅: produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that
do not readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are
classified into triglycerides (more commonly known as fats),
phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete protein
Ans✅✅: proteins that are lacking one or more of the essential amino
acids
Glycogen
Ans✅✅: the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the
liver
Glucose
Ans✅✅: simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use
to function
Triglycerides (Fats)
Ans✅✅: Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical compounds that
contain fatty acids, often in very long strands. Most concentrated source
of energy in the diet. Provides much of the stored energy of the body.
Insulate body organs against changes in environmental temperature.
Protect the organs and underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
Pretest - Stuvia US
WGU C458 HEALTH,WELLNESS AND FITNESS
(OA) OBJECTIVE REAL Questions and
Correct Answers
Nutrition
Ans✅✅: provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its
daily tasks
Undernutrition
Ans✅✅: implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients.
This can occur even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
Ans✅✅: an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
Ans✅✅: literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A
person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an
irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and
rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles
in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia
Ans✅✅: characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during
which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period of time
followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives
and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED)
Pretest - Stuvia US
,2
Ans✅✅: episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly,
eating large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling
guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity
Ans✅✅: 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns;
include increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and
meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At
risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension,
heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals
Ans✅✅: inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones),
maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure,
and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
Ans✅✅: needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals
Ans✅✅: required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium,
magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
Ans✅✅: protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good"
cholesterol.
Pretest - Stuvia US
,3
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)
Ans✅✅: most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred
to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the risk of
fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the risk
of a heart attack
Lipoproteins
Ans✅✅: large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how
cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants
Ans✅✅: slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with
free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions
Ans✅✅: the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom
adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a
substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate
that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle,
an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one
positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant)
Ans✅✅: any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron.
Because electrons typically function in pairs, these are very prone to
binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status.
When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a great deal
of damage.
Carbohydrates
Ans✅✅: produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include
fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars and
starches
Pretest - Stuvia US
, 4
Protein
Ans✅✅: produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats
and milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12
nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform many functions
including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and
fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process
can take place, without it
Lipids
Ans✅✅: produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that
do not readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are
classified into triglycerides (more commonly known as fats),
phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete protein
Ans✅✅: proteins that are lacking one or more of the essential amino
acids
Glycogen
Ans✅✅: the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the
liver
Glucose
Ans✅✅: simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use
to function
Triglycerides (Fats)
Ans✅✅: Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical compounds that
contain fatty acids, often in very long strands. Most concentrated source
of energy in the diet. Provides much of the stored energy of the body.
Insulate body organs against changes in environmental temperature.
Protect the organs and underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
Pretest - Stuvia US
