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BIO 181 Final Exam – 2025/2026 | 100+ Verified Questions & Answers | Neurobiology, Endocrine Function, Cardiovascular, Respiratory & Excretory Systems | Arizona State University

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This expertly curated document contains 100+ fully verified and up-to-date questions and answers for the BIO 181 Final Exam at Arizona State University, covering the full scope of the 2025/2026 curriculum. Designed to support high-level exam readiness, the content spans multiple core physiological systems and molecular processes critical for first-year biology students. Key topics include: Neurobiology: Structure of neurons, synaptic transmission, glial cell function, myelin sheaths, neurotransmitters, action potentials, voltage-gated channels Endocrinology: Hormonal regulation via insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D, with mechanisms of endocrine feedback loops Cardiovascular System: Heart function, blood flow regulation, pacemaker activity, blood pressure compensation (renin-angiotensin system), and oxygen transport by hemoglobin Respiratory System: Alveolar gas exchange, lung anatomy, ventilation, surfactant production, tidal breathing, oxygen diffusion, and the Bohr effect Excretory System: Nephron structure and function, filtration and reabsorption processes, urine concentration, glomerular function, kidney roles in homeostasis and pH balance Homeostatic Mechanisms: Integrated responses of organ systems to maintain internal balance under stress or physiological changes This document is ideal for: ASU students enrolled in BIO 181 preparing for their final exam Pre-med, nursing, life science, and biomedical majors Students seeking a complete review of human physiology and biological regulation Learners needing to reinforce complex systems-level thinking with exam-style application This resource uses question formats and phrasing directly reflective of ASU testing styles, with answers explained using terminology consistent with academic lectures, making it a powerful revision tool for achieving exam success. Keywords: BIO 181, neuron, neurotransmitter, action potential, synapse, glial cells, insulin, glucagon, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, heart valves, sinoatrial node, blood pressure regulation, renin, alveoli, surfactant, hemoglobin, nephron, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, homeostasis

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Uploaded on
September 16, 2025
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Written in
2025/2026
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BIO 181 (Capco ASU) Exam 3 (Final
Exam) 2025/2026 Exam Questions and
Correct Answers | New Update



T/F Excitatory synapses cause hyperpolarization of post-synaptic cells. - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔False


The resting potential of neurons is: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-60 mv (The answer is

not on this list.)

T/F The autonomic nervous system contains the sympathetic and the

parasympathetic nervous system. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔True


In the motor end plate, the event that is the immediate trigger for exocytosis

is: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Calcium Ions


Draw an action potential in the axon of a neuron and indicate which ions

flow into the neuron and out of the neuron as the action potential passes at

,the point where the electrodes are in the cell. Be sure to assign on the Y-

axis the mV of each of these areas. This should be as described in my

lectures. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔


The action potential is: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A result of the movement of ions.


T/F The cell body refers to the part of the neurons that begin at the

dendrites and extend to the axon terminal. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔False


T/F When the presynaptic cell contacts a muscle cell, the synapse area is

called a motor end plate. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔True


The post-synaptic cell can be: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔In glands, muscle cells,

neurons

T/F Excitatory synapses cause depolarization of the post-synaptic cell. - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔True


T/F Only pre-synaptic neurons are coated with myelin. - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔False


T/F Fast neurons as described in lecture are fast because they are

surrounded by a type of glial cell that results in a myelin coating. - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔False

, T/F The axon from a pre-synaptic cell contacts the axon of another neuron.

- 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔False


List the 4 types of glial cells and list a phrase to describe their function. - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔- Microglia: Are part of the cellular immune system to protect

the brain since the humoral immune system usually cannot cross the BB

barrier.

- Astrocytes: Contribute to the blood brain barrier

- Schwann Cells: myelinates axons of the neurons in the PNS

- Oligodendrocytes: Myelinates axons of the neurons of the CNS


The central nervous system (CNS) contains: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Brain and

Spinal Cord (There is no correct answer).

T/F Fast neurons as described in lecture require cytoplasmic signal

transduction to open an ion channel. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔False


T/F Acetylcholine esterase breaks acetylcholine into muscarinic acid - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔False


T/F The membrane potential (resting potential) is largely set by the Na-K-

ATPase pump. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔True


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