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BIO 181 Exam 3 – 2025/2026 | 80+ Verified Questions & Answers | Genetics, DNA Replication, Inheritance, Mutations & Gene Expression | Grand Canyon University

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This document includes 80+ verified, high-quality exam questions and answers for BIO 181 Exam 3 at Grand Canyon University, aligned with the official 2025/2026 curriculum. The material focuses on key topics in genetics and molecular biology, reflecting real-world exam formats (multiple choice and application-based questions) and offering a strong foundation for understanding both classical and modern biology. Major topics covered include: Molecular Genetics: DNA replication (leading/lagging strand synthesis, DNA polymerase, topoisomerase), semiconservative replication, Okazaki fragments Gene Expression & Regulation: mRNA processing (5' cap, 3' poly-A tail), translation, codon-anticodon pairing, the role of ribosomes and tRNA Mutations: Frameshift, nonsense, missense, and silent mutations, with their effects on proteins and gene expression Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Inheritance: Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, polygenic traits, linkage, recombination frequency, sex-linked inheritance Chromosomal Abnormalities & Genetic Disorders: Nondisjunction, Down syndrome, translocations, pedigree analysis Historic Discoveries: Hershey-Chase experiment, Griffith’s transformation, chromosome theory of inheritance Ideal for: Undergraduate biology students at Grand Canyon University Students enrolled in introductory genetics or cell/molecular biology modules Pre-med, life sciences, biochemistry, or biomedical sciences majors Learners preparing for midterms, finals, or standardized tests involving molecular genetics and heredity This resource provides clearly structured answers and explanations, ensuring students can connect theoretical knowledge with exam-style application. Keywords: BIO 181, genetics, DNA replication, codons, anticodons, gene expression, RNA transcription, frameshift mutation, nonsense mutation, Mendelian genetics, polygenic inheritance, pedigree analysis, chromosomal translocation, nondisjunction, Down syndrome, Hershey-Chase, Griffith experiment, telomerase, lagging strand, Okazaki fragments

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Bio 181 Grand Canyon University Exam
3 2025/2026 Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers | Latest Update



A frameshift mutation could result from - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔E) either an

insertion or a deletion of a base.

Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic eukaryotic gene

expression, but does in eukaryotic gene expression? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔C) A

poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5'

end.

Which of the following helps to hold the DNA strands apart while they are

being replicated? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔single-strand binding proteins

, Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a

polypeptide depends on specificity in the - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔bonding of the

anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs

Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an

organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample

will be thymine? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔8%


What is the function of DNA polymerase III? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔to add

nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand

A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction because - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3' end.


How do we describe transformation in bacteria? - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔assimilation of external DNA into a cell


What is the function of topoisomerase? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔relieving strain in

the DNA ahead of the replication fork

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' → 3'

direction? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔DNA polymerase III

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