NR 327
NR 327 Maternal-Child Nursing OB-Pediatrics
Test 5 Questions and Answers Graded A+ 2025
What is included in a cardiovascular assessment?
History
physical assessment-general appearance (pale, mottled, cyanotic, FTT-get to tired to
feed well)
pulse (tachycardic, murmers, weak peripheral pulses)
blood pressure
respirations (Pulmonary congestion-tachypnea, dyspnea, crackles, activity intolerance)
Diagnostic test-electrocardiogram, radiography, echocardiography, magnetic resonance
imaging, exercise testing, and laboratory testing
CHD occurs in about how many out of eveyr 1,000 live births?
How many of these are symptomatic during the first year of life?
Incidence-5-8 per 1,000 live births
about 2-3 of these are symptomatic in the first year of life
What is the most common heart anomaly?
Ventricular septal defect
What percent of children with CHD also have another recognized anomaly?
28%
What are the 4 classifications of CHD?
NR 327
,NR 327
Increased pulmonary blood flow
Decreased pulmonary blood flow
Obstruction of blood flow out of the heart
Mixed blood flow
What 3 defects are classified as increased pulmonary blood flow defects?
Ventricular septal defect
atrial septal defect
patent ductus arteriosus
In which classification of defects is there a left to right shut that allows systemic
(oxygenated blood) get into pulmonary circulation?
Increased Pulmonary blood flow
Ventricular septal defect (increased pulmonary flow) accounts for what percent of defect
in peds?
@ 25%
How is a ventricular septal defect diagnosed?
echocardiogram
What is the pathophysiology of ventricular septal defect?
There is a hole ranging from a pinpoint size o the size of a quarter between the two
ventricals. Since the L ventrical has more pressure it forces blood (which is oxygenated
and supposed to be going to the body) to flow to the right ventrical, if the hole is big
enough, and too much flows over it will back up into the pulmonary artery and back to
the lungs. (you will get symptoms similar to Left sided HF=crackles, pulmonary edema,
sob, lots of pillows at night, blood is not going to the body so fatigued and tired all the
NR 327
, NR 327
time
INCREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW
What is the pathophysiology of atrial septal defect?
There is a hole between the two atria. The blood flows from the Left side to the right
side (L to R shunt). Too much blood on the R side and it will back up into the Pulmonary
artery.
INCREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW
What are the S/S of atrial septal defect
Pt may be asymptomatic or may have S/S of L sided HF
Murmur splitting=due to increased blood flow on the Right side causes a delay in
pulmonic valve (valve between R ventricle and pulmonary artery) closing
How is atrial septal defect treated?
Fixed by a patch to close the hole
What is the pathophysiology of patent ductus arteriosus?
The ductus arteriosus of fetal circulation does not close (its usually the last to close
anyway) so there is a hole connecting the aorta to the pulmonary artery. Blood that is
supposed to be going to the body gets back into the pulmonary artery to go back to the
lungs. If too much blood flows to the lungs the pt will have S/S similar to L sided HF (lots
respiration issues, pulmonary edema, watch for trouble weening an RSV pt back off
oxygen)
NR 327
NR 327 Maternal-Child Nursing OB-Pediatrics
Test 5 Questions and Answers Graded A+ 2025
What is included in a cardiovascular assessment?
History
physical assessment-general appearance (pale, mottled, cyanotic, FTT-get to tired to
feed well)
pulse (tachycardic, murmers, weak peripheral pulses)
blood pressure
respirations (Pulmonary congestion-tachypnea, dyspnea, crackles, activity intolerance)
Diagnostic test-electrocardiogram, radiography, echocardiography, magnetic resonance
imaging, exercise testing, and laboratory testing
CHD occurs in about how many out of eveyr 1,000 live births?
How many of these are symptomatic during the first year of life?
Incidence-5-8 per 1,000 live births
about 2-3 of these are symptomatic in the first year of life
What is the most common heart anomaly?
Ventricular septal defect
What percent of children with CHD also have another recognized anomaly?
28%
What are the 4 classifications of CHD?
NR 327
,NR 327
Increased pulmonary blood flow
Decreased pulmonary blood flow
Obstruction of blood flow out of the heart
Mixed blood flow
What 3 defects are classified as increased pulmonary blood flow defects?
Ventricular septal defect
atrial septal defect
patent ductus arteriosus
In which classification of defects is there a left to right shut that allows systemic
(oxygenated blood) get into pulmonary circulation?
Increased Pulmonary blood flow
Ventricular septal defect (increased pulmonary flow) accounts for what percent of defect
in peds?
@ 25%
How is a ventricular septal defect diagnosed?
echocardiogram
What is the pathophysiology of ventricular septal defect?
There is a hole ranging from a pinpoint size o the size of a quarter between the two
ventricals. Since the L ventrical has more pressure it forces blood (which is oxygenated
and supposed to be going to the body) to flow to the right ventrical, if the hole is big
enough, and too much flows over it will back up into the pulmonary artery and back to
the lungs. (you will get symptoms similar to Left sided HF=crackles, pulmonary edema,
sob, lots of pillows at night, blood is not going to the body so fatigued and tired all the
NR 327
, NR 327
time
INCREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW
What is the pathophysiology of atrial septal defect?
There is a hole between the two atria. The blood flows from the Left side to the right
side (L to R shunt). Too much blood on the R side and it will back up into the Pulmonary
artery.
INCREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW
What are the S/S of atrial septal defect
Pt may be asymptomatic or may have S/S of L sided HF
Murmur splitting=due to increased blood flow on the Right side causes a delay in
pulmonic valve (valve between R ventricle and pulmonary artery) closing
How is atrial septal defect treated?
Fixed by a patch to close the hole
What is the pathophysiology of patent ductus arteriosus?
The ductus arteriosus of fetal circulation does not close (its usually the last to close
anyway) so there is a hole connecting the aorta to the pulmonary artery. Blood that is
supposed to be going to the body gets back into the pulmonary artery to go back to the
lungs. If too much blood flows to the lungs the pt will have S/S similar to L sided HF (lots
respiration issues, pulmonary edema, watch for trouble weening an RSV pt back off
oxygen)
NR 327
