UNIVERSITY OF IOWA:
FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN
PHYSIOLOGY, FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
,ADH - ANSWERS-Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
-Responds to low blood volume and/or increased blood osmolarity
-Increases water retention
Aldosterone - ANSWERS-Secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to low blood
pressure
-Regulated by RAAS
-Increases the reabsorption of Na+
Water - ANSWERSReabsorption of Na+ leads to the increase in _________ volume in
blood.
Resistance - ANSWERSDifficulty for blood to flow at a given pressure difference
Resistance factors - ANSWERS-Blood viscosity
-Vessel length
-Vessel radius
Blood pressure - ANSWERSForce exerted by blood against a vessel wall
-Volume of blood contained within vessel
-Compliance of vessel walls
Stretchability - ANSWERSCompliance of vessel walls
Respiratory system functions - ANSWERS-Obtain O2 for use by the body's cells and to
eliminate the CO2 the body cells produce
-Vocalization
-Acid/Base balance
Internal - ANSWERSRespiration that occurs at the cellular level
External Respiration - ANSWERSReferes to events involved in the exchange of O2 and
CO2 between the external environment and the cells of the body
Steps of External Respiration - ANSWERS-Ventilation
-Exchange with air
-Transport
-Exchange with tissues
Ventilation - ANSWERSMovement of air in and out of the lungs
Exchange with air - ANSWERSWhen O2 and CO2 are exchanged between air
, Transport - ANSWERSWhen blood moves O2 and CO2 between lungs and tissues
Exchange with tissues - ANSWERSO2 and CO2 are exchanged between tissues and
blood
Conducting zone - ANSWERSZone in the respiratory system that conducts air into and
out of the lungs
Respiratory zone - ANSWERSZone in the respiratory system that moves O2 into the
blood and tissues and CO2 out.
Alveoli - ANSWERS-Thin walled inflatable sacs
-Site of gas exchange
-Pulmonary capillaries encircle each
Diaphragm - ANSWERS-Dome shaped sheet of skeletal muscle
-Separates thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Pleural sac - ANSWERSDouble walled, closed same that separates each lung from the
thoracic wall
Pleural cavity - ANSWERSInferior part of the plural sac
Intrapleural fluid - ANSWERSFluid that is inside the pleural cavity; Lubricates pleural
surfaces
Interrelationships - ANSWERS________________ among pressures are important in
ventilation.
Atmospheric - ANSWERSPressure that is exerted by the weight of the gas in the
atmosphere
Intra aveolar - ANSWERSPressure inside the lungs
Intrapleural pressure - ANSWERSThe pressure within the pleural cavity; Usually less
than atmospheric pressure
Boyle's Law - ANSWERSStates that the pressure exerted by the gas varies inversely
with the volume of a gas; P= 1/V
Sequence of Inspiration - ANSWERS-Contraction of diaphragm muscle
-Increase lung volume
-Intralveolar pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure
-Air enters the lungs
FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN
PHYSIOLOGY, FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
,ADH - ANSWERS-Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
-Responds to low blood volume and/or increased blood osmolarity
-Increases water retention
Aldosterone - ANSWERS-Secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to low blood
pressure
-Regulated by RAAS
-Increases the reabsorption of Na+
Water - ANSWERSReabsorption of Na+ leads to the increase in _________ volume in
blood.
Resistance - ANSWERSDifficulty for blood to flow at a given pressure difference
Resistance factors - ANSWERS-Blood viscosity
-Vessel length
-Vessel radius
Blood pressure - ANSWERSForce exerted by blood against a vessel wall
-Volume of blood contained within vessel
-Compliance of vessel walls
Stretchability - ANSWERSCompliance of vessel walls
Respiratory system functions - ANSWERS-Obtain O2 for use by the body's cells and to
eliminate the CO2 the body cells produce
-Vocalization
-Acid/Base balance
Internal - ANSWERSRespiration that occurs at the cellular level
External Respiration - ANSWERSReferes to events involved in the exchange of O2 and
CO2 between the external environment and the cells of the body
Steps of External Respiration - ANSWERS-Ventilation
-Exchange with air
-Transport
-Exchange with tissues
Ventilation - ANSWERSMovement of air in and out of the lungs
Exchange with air - ANSWERSWhen O2 and CO2 are exchanged between air
, Transport - ANSWERSWhen blood moves O2 and CO2 between lungs and tissues
Exchange with tissues - ANSWERSO2 and CO2 are exchanged between tissues and
blood
Conducting zone - ANSWERSZone in the respiratory system that conducts air into and
out of the lungs
Respiratory zone - ANSWERSZone in the respiratory system that moves O2 into the
blood and tissues and CO2 out.
Alveoli - ANSWERS-Thin walled inflatable sacs
-Site of gas exchange
-Pulmonary capillaries encircle each
Diaphragm - ANSWERS-Dome shaped sheet of skeletal muscle
-Separates thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Pleural sac - ANSWERSDouble walled, closed same that separates each lung from the
thoracic wall
Pleural cavity - ANSWERSInferior part of the plural sac
Intrapleural fluid - ANSWERSFluid that is inside the pleural cavity; Lubricates pleural
surfaces
Interrelationships - ANSWERS________________ among pressures are important in
ventilation.
Atmospheric - ANSWERSPressure that is exerted by the weight of the gas in the
atmosphere
Intra aveolar - ANSWERSPressure inside the lungs
Intrapleural pressure - ANSWERSThe pressure within the pleural cavity; Usually less
than atmospheric pressure
Boyle's Law - ANSWERSStates that the pressure exerted by the gas varies inversely
with the volume of a gas; P= 1/V
Sequence of Inspiration - ANSWERS-Contraction of diaphragm muscle
-Increase lung volume
-Intralveolar pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure
-Air enters the lungs
