Pathophysiology, 7th Edition – Test Bank by Jacquelyn L. Banasik – Full Questions and Answers (Chapters 1–54)

JacquelynL.Banasik-ISBN:9780323761550

,Chapter01:IntroductiontoPathophysiology
Banasik:Pathophysiology,7thEdition


MULTIPLECHOICE

1. C.Q.wasrecentlyexposedtogroupAhemolyticStreptococcusandsubsequentlydevelopeda
pharyngealinfection.Hisclinicexaminationrevealsanoraltemperatureof102.3F, skinrash,dysphagia,and
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reddenedthroatmucosawithmultiplepustules.Hecomplainsofsorethroat,malaise,andjointstiffness.
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AthroatcultureispositiveforStreptococcus,andantibioticshavebeenprescribed.
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TheetiologyofC.Q.’sdisease is J




a. asorethroat.

b. streptococcalinfection.

c. geneticsusceptibility.

d. pharyngitis.

ANS:B
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Etiologyreferstotheproposedcauseorcausesofaparticulardiseaseprocess.Asorethroatisthe
manifestationofthediseaseprocess.Geneticsusceptibilityreferstoinheritedtendencytodevelopadisease.
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Pharyngitisreferstoinflammationofthethroatandisalsoaclinicalmanifestationofthediseaseprocess.
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2. Anobesebutotherwisehealthyteenisgivenaprescriptionforalow-caloriedietandexercise
program.Thisisanexampleof
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a. primaryprevention.

b. secondaryprevention.

c. tertiaryprevention.

d. diseasetreatment.

J ANS:B

Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthediseasesuchasprescribingdiet
andexerciseforanindividualwhohasalreadydevelopedobesity.
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Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducingexposureforsusceptible
individuals.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareandattemptstoalleviatedisability
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andrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthediseaseonceithas
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Jdeveloped.

,3. A17-year-oldcollege-boundstudentreceivesavaccineagainstanorganismthatcauses
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meningitis.Thisisanexampleof
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a. primaryprevention.

b. secondaryprevention.



c. tertiaryprevention.

d. diseasetreatment.

ANS:A
J




Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducingexposureforsusceptible
individualsbyprovidingvaccination.Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,and
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managementofthedisease.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareand
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attemptstoalleviatedisabilityandrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementof
thediseaseonceithasdeveloped.
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4. Apatientwithhighbloodpressurewhoisotherwisehealthyiscounseledtorestrictsodium
intake.Thisisanexampleof
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a. primaryprevention.

b. secondaryprevention.

c. tertiaryprevention.

d. diseasetreatment.

ANS:B
J




Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease,suchasbyprescribing
sodiumrestrictionforhighbloodpressure.Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityor
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reducingexposureforsusceptibleindividuals.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareand
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attemptstoalleviatedisabilityandrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthe
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diseaseonceithasdeveloped.
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, 5. Aftersuffering aheartattack,amiddle-agedmaniscounseledtotakeacholesterol-lowering
b




medication.Thisisanexampleof
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a. primaryprevention.

b. secondaryprevention.

c. tertiaryprevention.

d. diseasetreatment.

J ANS:C

Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareandattemptstoalleviatedisabilityand
restoreeffectivefunctioningsuchasprescribingacholesterol-lowering
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medicationfollowingaheartattack.Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibility
orreducingexpUosuSrefNorsTusceptibOleindividuals.Secondarypreventionisthe
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earlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthe
diseaseonceithasdeveloped.
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6. Apatienthasbeenexposedtomeningococcalmeningitis,butisnotyetdemonstratingsignsofthis
disease.Thisstageofillnessiscalledthe
J stage.

a. prodromal

b. latent

c. sequela

d. convalescence

J ANS:B

Incubationreferstotheintervalbetweenexposureofatissuetoaninjuriousagentandthefirstappearanceof
Jsignsandsymptoms.Ininfectiousdiseases,thisperiodisoftencalledtheincubation(latent)period.Prodromal
Jreferstotheappearanceofthefirstsignsandsymptomsindicatingtheonsetofadisease.Theseareoften
J nonspecific,suchasheadache,malaise,anorexia,andnausea,whichareassociatedwithanumberofdifferent
Jdiseases.

Sequelareferstosubsequentpathologicconditionresultingfromadisease.Convalescenceisthestageof
recoveryafteradisease,injury,orsurgicaloperation.
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7. Adiseasethatisnativetoaparticularregioniscalled
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a. epidemic.

b. endemic.