McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Functions
A patient with a genetic disorder has impaired cellular uptake of
nutrients despite adequate nutrient availability. Which cellular
function is primarily disrupted?
A. Metabolic absorption
B. Secretion
C. Respiration
D. Communication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metabolic absorption involves cells taking in and
using nutrients from their surroundings . Option B (Secretion)
involves releasing substances, not uptake. Option C
(Respiration) relates to energy production. Option D
(Communication) involves signaling between cells.
Teaching Point: Metabolic absorption is critical for cellular
nutrient utilization.
Question 2
,Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Where is the majority of a cell’s genetic information, including
RNA and DNA, contained?
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleolus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleolus contains most cellular DNA, RNA, and
DNA-binding proteins like histones . Option A (Mitochondria)
produces energy. Option B (Ribosome) synthesizes proteins.
Option D (Lysosome) digests cellular waste.
Teaching Point: The nucleolus houses genetic material and
regulates cellular activity.
Question 3
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which cellular component produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific
substrates?
A. Lysosomes
B. Peroxisomes
C. Ribosomes
D. Endosomes
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes use oxidative reactions to produce
H₂O₂, which acts as an oxidant . Option A (Lysosomes) digest
materials. Option C (Ribosomes) synthesize proteins. Option D
(Endosomes) transport vesicles.
Teaching Point: Peroxisomes produce H₂O₂ for oxidative
reactions and detoxification.
Question 4
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which component is capable of cellular autodigestion if
released during cell injury?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi complex
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosomes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that, if
released, cause cellular self-digestion . Option A (Ribosome)
synthesizes proteins. Option B (Golgi complex) processes
proteins. Option C (Smooth ER) synthesizes lipids.
Teaching Point: Lysosomal enzyme leakage leads to cellular
autodigestion.
, Question 5
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Communication and Signal
Transduction
Which statement describes the function of a second
messenger?
A. Binds directly to membrane-bound receptors via a ligand
B. Triggers a cascade of intracellular events
C. Opens specific channels in the cell membrane
D. Blocks membrane-bound receptor signals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Second messengers (e.g., cAMP) activate
intracellular signal transduction pathways . Option A describes
first messengers. Option C relates to ion channels. Option D
describes receptor antagonists.
Teaching Point: Second messengers amplify signals to trigger
intracellular responses.
Question 6
Chapter 1, Section: Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and
Output
Movement of solute molecules from an area of high
concentration to low concentration is called:
A. Diffusion
B. Filtration
C. Osmosis
D. Hydrostatic pressure
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Functions
A patient with a genetic disorder has impaired cellular uptake of
nutrients despite adequate nutrient availability. Which cellular
function is primarily disrupted?
A. Metabolic absorption
B. Secretion
C. Respiration
D. Communication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metabolic absorption involves cells taking in and
using nutrients from their surroundings . Option B (Secretion)
involves releasing substances, not uptake. Option C
(Respiration) relates to energy production. Option D
(Communication) involves signaling between cells.
Teaching Point: Metabolic absorption is critical for cellular
nutrient utilization.
Question 2
,Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Where is the majority of a cell’s genetic information, including
RNA and DNA, contained?
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleolus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleolus contains most cellular DNA, RNA, and
DNA-binding proteins like histones . Option A (Mitochondria)
produces energy. Option B (Ribosome) synthesizes proteins.
Option D (Lysosome) digests cellular waste.
Teaching Point: The nucleolus houses genetic material and
regulates cellular activity.
Question 3
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which cellular component produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific
substrates?
A. Lysosomes
B. Peroxisomes
C. Ribosomes
D. Endosomes
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes use oxidative reactions to produce
H₂O₂, which acts as an oxidant . Option A (Lysosomes) digest
materials. Option C (Ribosomes) synthesize proteins. Option D
(Endosomes) transport vesicles.
Teaching Point: Peroxisomes produce H₂O₂ for oxidative
reactions and detoxification.
Question 4
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which component is capable of cellular autodigestion if
released during cell injury?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi complex
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosomes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that, if
released, cause cellular self-digestion . Option A (Ribosome)
synthesizes proteins. Option B (Golgi complex) processes
proteins. Option C (Smooth ER) synthesizes lipids.
Teaching Point: Lysosomal enzyme leakage leads to cellular
autodigestion.
, Question 5
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Communication and Signal
Transduction
Which statement describes the function of a second
messenger?
A. Binds directly to membrane-bound receptors via a ligand
B. Triggers a cascade of intracellular events
C. Opens specific channels in the cell membrane
D. Blocks membrane-bound receptor signals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Second messengers (e.g., cAMP) activate
intracellular signal transduction pathways . Option A describes
first messengers. Option C relates to ion channels. Option D
describes receptor antagonists.
Teaching Point: Second messengers amplify signals to trigger
intracellular responses.
Question 6
Chapter 1, Section: Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and
Output
Movement of solute molecules from an area of high
concentration to low concentration is called:
A. Diffusion
B. Filtration
C. Osmosis
D. Hydrostatic pressure
