McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Question 1
Chapter 1, Section: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Which characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic cells from
prokaryotic cells?
A. Presence of a cell wall
B. Lack of a nuclear membrane
C. Presence of membrane-bound organelles
D. Circular chromosome structure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles
(e.g., mitochondria, Golgi apparatus), whereas prokaryotes lack
these structures . Option A is incorrect as some eukaryotes
(e.g., plants) have cell walls, but this is not a universal
distinguishing feature. Option B describes prokaryotes, which
lack a nuclear membrane. Option D is typical of prokaryotes, as
eukaryotes have linear chromosomes.
Teaching Point: Eukaryotes are defined by membrane-bound
organelles and a true nucleus.
,Question 2
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Functions
A patient with a genetic disorder exhibits impaired cellular
secretion of hormones. Which specialized cellular function is
most likely disrupted?
A. Metabolic absorption
B. Conductivity
C. Excretion
D. Secretion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secretion involves the release of synthesized
substances (e.g., hormones) from cells . Option A (metabolic
absorption) involves nutrient uptake. Option B (conductivity)
relates to electrochemical signaling (e.g., neurons). Option C
(excretion) involves waste removal, not hormone release.
Teaching Point: Secretion is the process by which cells release
hormones, enzymes, or other substances.
Question 3
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which organelle is responsible for protein folding and sensing
cellular stress?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Peroxisomes
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
,D. Lysosomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) specializes in protein
folding and senses cell stress due to misfolded proteins . Option
A (Golgi apparatus) processes and packages proteins. Option B
(peroxisomes) involve oxidative reactions . Option D
(lysosomes) digest macromolecules .
Teaching Point: The ER ensures proper protein folding and
responds to cellular stress.
Question 4
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
A toxin disrupts the oxidative enzymes that produce H₂O₂.
Which organelle is primarily affected?
A. Ribosomes
B. Peroxisomes
C. Lysosomes
D. Endosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to
produce H₂O₂ in oxidative reactions . Option A (ribosomes) are
involved in protein synthesis. Option C (lysosomes) contain
digestive hydrolases. Option D (endosomes) are vesicles formed
from the cell membrane.
, Teaching Point: Peroxisomes utilize oxidative enzymes to
produce and regulate H₂O₂.
Question 5
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which organelle is responsible for cellular autodigestion when
released due to injury?
A. Golgi complex
B. Ribosomes
C. Lysosomes
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that, if
released due to membrane disruption, cause cellular self-
digestion . Option A (Golgi complex) processes secretions.
Option B (ribosomes) synthesize proteins. Option D (smooth ER)
synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances.
Teaching Point: Lysosomal enzyme release during injury leads
to cellular autodigestion.
Question 6
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Communication and Signal
Transduction
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes water retention by
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Question 1
Chapter 1, Section: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Which characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic cells from
prokaryotic cells?
A. Presence of a cell wall
B. Lack of a nuclear membrane
C. Presence of membrane-bound organelles
D. Circular chromosome structure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles
(e.g., mitochondria, Golgi apparatus), whereas prokaryotes lack
these structures . Option A is incorrect as some eukaryotes
(e.g., plants) have cell walls, but this is not a universal
distinguishing feature. Option B describes prokaryotes, which
lack a nuclear membrane. Option D is typical of prokaryotes, as
eukaryotes have linear chromosomes.
Teaching Point: Eukaryotes are defined by membrane-bound
organelles and a true nucleus.
,Question 2
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Functions
A patient with a genetic disorder exhibits impaired cellular
secretion of hormones. Which specialized cellular function is
most likely disrupted?
A. Metabolic absorption
B. Conductivity
C. Excretion
D. Secretion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secretion involves the release of synthesized
substances (e.g., hormones) from cells . Option A (metabolic
absorption) involves nutrient uptake. Option B (conductivity)
relates to electrochemical signaling (e.g., neurons). Option C
(excretion) involves waste removal, not hormone release.
Teaching Point: Secretion is the process by which cells release
hormones, enzymes, or other substances.
Question 3
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which organelle is responsible for protein folding and sensing
cellular stress?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Peroxisomes
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
,D. Lysosomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) specializes in protein
folding and senses cell stress due to misfolded proteins . Option
A (Golgi apparatus) processes and packages proteins. Option B
(peroxisomes) involve oxidative reactions . Option D
(lysosomes) digest macromolecules .
Teaching Point: The ER ensures proper protein folding and
responds to cellular stress.
Question 4
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
A toxin disrupts the oxidative enzymes that produce H₂O₂.
Which organelle is primarily affected?
A. Ribosomes
B. Peroxisomes
C. Lysosomes
D. Endosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to
produce H₂O₂ in oxidative reactions . Option A (ribosomes) are
involved in protein synthesis. Option C (lysosomes) contain
digestive hydrolases. Option D (endosomes) are vesicles formed
from the cell membrane.
, Teaching Point: Peroxisomes utilize oxidative enzymes to
produce and regulate H₂O₂.
Question 5
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
Which organelle is responsible for cellular autodigestion when
released due to injury?
A. Golgi complex
B. Ribosomes
C. Lysosomes
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that, if
released due to membrane disruption, cause cellular self-
digestion . Option A (Golgi complex) processes secretions.
Option B (ribosomes) synthesize proteins. Option D (smooth ER)
synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances.
Teaching Point: Lysosomal enzyme release during injury leads
to cellular autodigestion.
Question 6
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Communication and Signal
Transduction
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes water retention by
