Test Bank Verified Practice For: NUR 552 – Advanced
Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice Nurse Prescribers Exam
Questions with A+ Answers | Final Exam Guide FOR 2025/2026 (the
most recent quizzes)
Estrogens - Bind to estrogen receptors, influencing gene transcription and various
physiological processes.
Progestins - Bind to progesterone receptors, regulating reproductive functions.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - Used in menopausal women for relief of vasomotor
symptoms, prevention of osteoporosis, and management of urogenital atrophy.
Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs) - Contain both estrogen and progestin, inhibit
ovulation, alter cervical mucus, and modify the endometrial lining to prevent pregnancy.
Androgens - Bind to androgen receptors, promoting the development and maintenance of
male characteristics.
Male Hypogonadism - Indication for androgen therapy.
Copper IUDs - Non-hormonal intrauterine devices that create an inhospitable environment for
sperm.
Levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs - Hormonal intrauterine devices that may inhibit implantation.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) - A reproductive disorder that can be managed with
pharmacologic interventions like COCs and Metformin.
Metformin - Improves insulin sensitivity and may aid in ovulation for PCOS.
Anti-Androgens - Medications like spironolactone used to address hirsutism and acne.
Endometriosis - A reproductive disorder treated with NSAIDs, hormonal therapies, and
surgical interventions.
NSAIDs - First-line treatment for pain management in endometriosis.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) - Non-hormonal alternatives for managing
menopausal symptoms.
Gabapentin - Non-hormonal alternative for managing menopausal symptoms.
Thromboembolic Events - Potential adverse effect of hormonal therapies.
,Uterine Perforation - A rare risk associated with IUDs.
Irregular Bleeding - An adverse effect of progestin-only contraceptive methods.
Weight Gain - An adverse effect associated with progestin-only contraceptive methods.
Mood Changes - An adverse effect that can occur with hormonal therapies.
Breast Cancer Risk - Increased risk associated with combined hormone replacement therapy.
Cardiovascular Events - Potential risk associated with hormone replacement therapy.
Stroke - A potential risk associated with hormone replacement therapy.
Counseling Points - Discuss potential side effects and emphasize adherence to prescribed
regimens.
Monitoring - Regular follow-ups to assess efficacy and tolerability of therapies.
Vasomotor Symptoms - Symptoms like hot flashes that HRT aims to relieve.
Menstrual Disorders - Conditions that can be managed with hormonal therapies.
Contraceptive Benefits - Regulation of menstrual cycles and reduction in menstrual cramps.
Contraindications for COCs - History of thromboembolic disorders, uncontrolled
hypertension, and migraines with aura.
Progestin-Only Methods - Include pills, injectables (e.g., Depo-Provera), and implants (e.g.,
Nexplanon).
Monitoring - Regular follow-ups to assess efficacy and tolerability.
Routine screenings - Screenings as indicated (e.g., blood pressure checks, lipid profiles).
Androgen Therapy - Short-term use of androgens in male patients has been associated with
an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Antihypertensive Agents - Medications used to manage high blood pressure.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors - Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion.
Indications for ACE Inhibitors - Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy.
Adverse Effects of ACE Inhibitors - Cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema.
,Monitoring for ACE Inhibitors - Renal function and serum potassium levels.
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) - Block angiotensin II receptors, preventing
vasoconstriction and aldosterone effects.
Indications for ARBs - Similar to ACE inhibitors; used when ACE inhibitors are not
tolerated.
Adverse Effects of ARBs - Hyperkalemia, renal impairment.
Monitoring for ARBs - Renal function and serum potassium levels.
Calcium Channel Blockers - Inhibit calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle and
myocardium, leading to vasodilation and decreased myocardial contractility.
Indications for Calcium Channel Blockers - Hypertension, angina, certain arrhythmias.
Adverse Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers - Edema, bradycardia, constipation.
Monitoring for Calcium Channel Blockers - Heart rate and blood pressure.
Diuretics - Medications that promote diuresis, or increased urine production.
Thiazide Diuretics - Inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule; used in
hypertension and edema.
Loop Diuretics - Inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle; used in heart
failure and edema.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics - Inhibit sodium reabsorption in the collecting ducts; used to
prevent hypokalemia.
Adverse Effects of Diuretics - Electrolyte imbalances, dehydration.
Monitoring for Diuretics - Electrolyte levels, renal function.
Beta-Blockers - Block beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and myocardial
contractility.
Indications for Beta-Blockers - Heart failure, hypertension, angina.
Adverse Effects of Beta-Blockers - Bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue.
Monitoring for Beta-Blockers - Heart rate, blood pressure.
Aldosterone Antagonists - Block aldosterone receptors, reducing sodium retention and
myocardial fibrosis.
, Indications for Aldosterone Antagonists - Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Adverse Effects of Aldosterone Antagonists - Hyperkalemia, renal impairment.
Monitoring for Aldosterone Antagonists - Serum potassium, renal function.
Nitrates - Release nitric oxide, causing vasodilation and reduced myocardial oxygen demand.
Indications for Nitrates - Angina pectoris.
Adverse Effects of Nitrates - Headache, hypotension, tolerance development.
Monitoring for Nitrates - Blood pressure, frequency of angina episodes.
Statins - Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis.
Indications for Statins - Hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular risk reduction.
Adverse Effects of Statins - Myopathy, liver enzyme elevation.
Monitoring for Statins - Lipid profile, liver function tests.
Warfarin - Inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
Indications for Warfarin - Atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism.
Adverse Effects of Warfarin - Bleeding, teratogenicity.
Monitoring for Warfarin - INR levels.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) - Directly inhibit thrombin or factor Xa.
Indications for DOACs - Atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism.
Adverse Effects of DOACs - Bleeding.
Monitoring for DOACs - Renal function.
Aspirin - Inhibits cyclooxygenase-1, reducing thromboxane A2 and platelet aggregation.
Indications for Aspirin - Cardiovascular disease prevention.
Adverse Effects of Aspirin - Gastrointestinal bleeding.
Monitoring for Aspirin - Signs of bleeding.
Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice Nurse Prescribers Exam
Questions with A+ Answers | Final Exam Guide FOR 2025/2026 (the
most recent quizzes)
Estrogens - Bind to estrogen receptors, influencing gene transcription and various
physiological processes.
Progestins - Bind to progesterone receptors, regulating reproductive functions.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - Used in menopausal women for relief of vasomotor
symptoms, prevention of osteoporosis, and management of urogenital atrophy.
Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs) - Contain both estrogen and progestin, inhibit
ovulation, alter cervical mucus, and modify the endometrial lining to prevent pregnancy.
Androgens - Bind to androgen receptors, promoting the development and maintenance of
male characteristics.
Male Hypogonadism - Indication for androgen therapy.
Copper IUDs - Non-hormonal intrauterine devices that create an inhospitable environment for
sperm.
Levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs - Hormonal intrauterine devices that may inhibit implantation.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) - A reproductive disorder that can be managed with
pharmacologic interventions like COCs and Metformin.
Metformin - Improves insulin sensitivity and may aid in ovulation for PCOS.
Anti-Androgens - Medications like spironolactone used to address hirsutism and acne.
Endometriosis - A reproductive disorder treated with NSAIDs, hormonal therapies, and
surgical interventions.
NSAIDs - First-line treatment for pain management in endometriosis.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) - Non-hormonal alternatives for managing
menopausal symptoms.
Gabapentin - Non-hormonal alternative for managing menopausal symptoms.
Thromboembolic Events - Potential adverse effect of hormonal therapies.
,Uterine Perforation - A rare risk associated with IUDs.
Irregular Bleeding - An adverse effect of progestin-only contraceptive methods.
Weight Gain - An adverse effect associated with progestin-only contraceptive methods.
Mood Changes - An adverse effect that can occur with hormonal therapies.
Breast Cancer Risk - Increased risk associated with combined hormone replacement therapy.
Cardiovascular Events - Potential risk associated with hormone replacement therapy.
Stroke - A potential risk associated with hormone replacement therapy.
Counseling Points - Discuss potential side effects and emphasize adherence to prescribed
regimens.
Monitoring - Regular follow-ups to assess efficacy and tolerability of therapies.
Vasomotor Symptoms - Symptoms like hot flashes that HRT aims to relieve.
Menstrual Disorders - Conditions that can be managed with hormonal therapies.
Contraceptive Benefits - Regulation of menstrual cycles and reduction in menstrual cramps.
Contraindications for COCs - History of thromboembolic disorders, uncontrolled
hypertension, and migraines with aura.
Progestin-Only Methods - Include pills, injectables (e.g., Depo-Provera), and implants (e.g.,
Nexplanon).
Monitoring - Regular follow-ups to assess efficacy and tolerability.
Routine screenings - Screenings as indicated (e.g., blood pressure checks, lipid profiles).
Androgen Therapy - Short-term use of androgens in male patients has been associated with
an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Antihypertensive Agents - Medications used to manage high blood pressure.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors - Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion.
Indications for ACE Inhibitors - Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy.
Adverse Effects of ACE Inhibitors - Cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema.
,Monitoring for ACE Inhibitors - Renal function and serum potassium levels.
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) - Block angiotensin II receptors, preventing
vasoconstriction and aldosterone effects.
Indications for ARBs - Similar to ACE inhibitors; used when ACE inhibitors are not
tolerated.
Adverse Effects of ARBs - Hyperkalemia, renal impairment.
Monitoring for ARBs - Renal function and serum potassium levels.
Calcium Channel Blockers - Inhibit calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle and
myocardium, leading to vasodilation and decreased myocardial contractility.
Indications for Calcium Channel Blockers - Hypertension, angina, certain arrhythmias.
Adverse Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers - Edema, bradycardia, constipation.
Monitoring for Calcium Channel Blockers - Heart rate and blood pressure.
Diuretics - Medications that promote diuresis, or increased urine production.
Thiazide Diuretics - Inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule; used in
hypertension and edema.
Loop Diuretics - Inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle; used in heart
failure and edema.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics - Inhibit sodium reabsorption in the collecting ducts; used to
prevent hypokalemia.
Adverse Effects of Diuretics - Electrolyte imbalances, dehydration.
Monitoring for Diuretics - Electrolyte levels, renal function.
Beta-Blockers - Block beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and myocardial
contractility.
Indications for Beta-Blockers - Heart failure, hypertension, angina.
Adverse Effects of Beta-Blockers - Bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue.
Monitoring for Beta-Blockers - Heart rate, blood pressure.
Aldosterone Antagonists - Block aldosterone receptors, reducing sodium retention and
myocardial fibrosis.
, Indications for Aldosterone Antagonists - Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Adverse Effects of Aldosterone Antagonists - Hyperkalemia, renal impairment.
Monitoring for Aldosterone Antagonists - Serum potassium, renal function.
Nitrates - Release nitric oxide, causing vasodilation and reduced myocardial oxygen demand.
Indications for Nitrates - Angina pectoris.
Adverse Effects of Nitrates - Headache, hypotension, tolerance development.
Monitoring for Nitrates - Blood pressure, frequency of angina episodes.
Statins - Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis.
Indications for Statins - Hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular risk reduction.
Adverse Effects of Statins - Myopathy, liver enzyme elevation.
Monitoring for Statins - Lipid profile, liver function tests.
Warfarin - Inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
Indications for Warfarin - Atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism.
Adverse Effects of Warfarin - Bleeding, teratogenicity.
Monitoring for Warfarin - INR levels.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) - Directly inhibit thrombin or factor Xa.
Indications for DOACs - Atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism.
Adverse Effects of DOACs - Bleeding.
Monitoring for DOACs - Renal function.
Aspirin - Inhibits cyclooxygenase-1, reducing thromboxane A2 and platelet aggregation.
Indications for Aspirin - Cardiovascular disease prevention.
Adverse Effects of Aspirin - Gastrointestinal bleeding.
Monitoring for Aspirin - Signs of bleeding.
