Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice
Problems 2025–2026 | All Versions
Questions & Verified Answers
\Nursing and Graduate Students
A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a
lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
___________ of the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia - <<ANSWER>>C
An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being able
to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes
associated with aging include: (Select all that apply.)
,A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity - <<ANSWER>>B, C, E
A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical
clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the
smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells - <<ANSWER>>A
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter
has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that
have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following
blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
,C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel - <<ANSWER>>B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused
on kidney function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these
would be important in the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority
answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-threatening
patient needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or suffer
permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of
dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes - <<ANSWER>>B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have
infection
, Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple
systems, the most important changes are first activated by which
system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular - <<ANSWER>>C
The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation
include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Redness
B. Fatigue
C. Swelling
D. Warmth
E. Fever - <<ANSWER>>A, C, D
The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives first and in
great numbers?
A. Basophils
Problems 2025–2026 | All Versions
Questions & Verified Answers
\Nursing and Graduate Students
A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a
lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
___________ of the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia - <<ANSWER>>C
An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being able
to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes
associated with aging include: (Select all that apply.)
,A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity - <<ANSWER>>B, C, E
A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical
clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the
smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells - <<ANSWER>>A
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter
has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that
have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following
blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
,C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel - <<ANSWER>>B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused
on kidney function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these
would be important in the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority
answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-threatening
patient needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or suffer
permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of
dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes - <<ANSWER>>B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have
infection
, Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple
systems, the most important changes are first activated by which
system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular - <<ANSWER>>C
The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation
include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Redness
B. Fatigue
C. Swelling
D. Warmth
E. Fever - <<ANSWER>>A, C, D
The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives first and in
great numbers?
A. Basophils
