GLPH 271 – Module 2: Measuring and Assessing Health –
Complete Notes and Key Concepts
define epidemiology - ANS ✔study of distribution and determinants of health states or events,
and its application to controlling diseases and other health problems
how do epidemiological measurements and assessments shape health interventions and help
health professionals make informed decisions about how to best use resources? - ANS ✔- reveal
where interventions needed most
- reveal if interventions are effective so you don't waste time and resources
- see where mistakes being made
what are 3 examples of epidemiological questions surrounding the opioid crisis - ANS ✔• What
is the impact of the opioid crisis on mortality in Canada?
• What interventions are effective in reducing this mortality?
• Should the government spend more money on facilitating access to naloxone kits or on
supervised consumption sites to reduce opioid-related deaths?
how does epidemiological data collected on Indigenous in Canada come from place of
colonization - ANS ✔databases often identify Indigenous through Indian Registry, so only those
registered with fed gov have data counted
what are the 2 conditions for Indigenous Peoples in Canada to reach data sovereignty - ANS ✔1.
decolonization of data
2. indigenous data governance
define sovereignty - ANS ✔full power of governing body over itself, without outside interference
,what are the 5 categories of the colonization of Indigenous data (the 5 D's) - ANS ✔1. disparity
2. depravation
3. disadvantage
4. dysfunction
5. difference
why is decolonization of data important for Indigenous populations - ANS ✔- 5 D's often used to
classify Indigenous as needing help
- harmful as data can be used to rationalize dispossession and marginalization, and lead to false
sense of dependency
give an example of how colonized data showing rates of infectious diseases in Indigenous
populations as higher than general Canadian population might be used to rationalize harmful
narrative - ANS ✔could rationalize narrative that these communities need external help with
their governance structure as they are unable to keep their communities safe
what does The First Nations Principles of OCAP stand for and mean? - ANS ✔- ownership,
control, access, possession
- means First Nations control data collection processes in their communities
why is increased governance over and access to Indigenous data important for communities -
ANS ✔allows communities to determine how to make decisions regarding why, how, and by
whom information is collected, used, or shared
prevalence is a measure of _____________, incidence is a measure of ____________ - ANS
✔burden, risk
describe prevalence - ANS ✔tells us about the number of existing cases of a disease in a
population
, what is the general formula for prevalence - ANS ✔prevalence = # of cases / total population
what are the 2 types of prevalence - ANS ✔point prevalence, period prevalence
what is point prevalence - ANS ✔measure of proportion of population that has certain disease
at a specific point in time
why is point prevalence rare to use in global health research - ANS ✔may require 6 months to
survey a region of Somalia and determine the number of existing tuberculosis cases, so would
have to use period prevalence
how is point prevalence calculated? - ANS ✔point prevalence = # of cases at a specific time /
total population at that time
what is period prevalence - ANS ✔measure of proportion of population that has certain disease
over a defined period of time
how is period prevalence calculated - ANS ✔period prevalence = # of cases over a period of time
/ average population during that period of time
At the beginning of September 2020, Canada's population was 37971020 and active cases of
COVID-19 was 6393. What was the prevalence of COVID-19 in Canada at that time? - ANS
✔6393 ÷ 37 971 020 = 0.0001683
Therefore, the prevalence of COVID-19 in Canada at the beginning of September 2020 was
0.0168% or 16.83 per 100 000
The first COVID-19 case appeared in Canada on January 25th, 2020. From then to September
1st, 2020, the average Canadian population was 37742154. During that time, the total number
Complete Notes and Key Concepts
define epidemiology - ANS ✔study of distribution and determinants of health states or events,
and its application to controlling diseases and other health problems
how do epidemiological measurements and assessments shape health interventions and help
health professionals make informed decisions about how to best use resources? - ANS ✔- reveal
where interventions needed most
- reveal if interventions are effective so you don't waste time and resources
- see where mistakes being made
what are 3 examples of epidemiological questions surrounding the opioid crisis - ANS ✔• What
is the impact of the opioid crisis on mortality in Canada?
• What interventions are effective in reducing this mortality?
• Should the government spend more money on facilitating access to naloxone kits or on
supervised consumption sites to reduce opioid-related deaths?
how does epidemiological data collected on Indigenous in Canada come from place of
colonization - ANS ✔databases often identify Indigenous through Indian Registry, so only those
registered with fed gov have data counted
what are the 2 conditions for Indigenous Peoples in Canada to reach data sovereignty - ANS ✔1.
decolonization of data
2. indigenous data governance
define sovereignty - ANS ✔full power of governing body over itself, without outside interference
,what are the 5 categories of the colonization of Indigenous data (the 5 D's) - ANS ✔1. disparity
2. depravation
3. disadvantage
4. dysfunction
5. difference
why is decolonization of data important for Indigenous populations - ANS ✔- 5 D's often used to
classify Indigenous as needing help
- harmful as data can be used to rationalize dispossession and marginalization, and lead to false
sense of dependency
give an example of how colonized data showing rates of infectious diseases in Indigenous
populations as higher than general Canadian population might be used to rationalize harmful
narrative - ANS ✔could rationalize narrative that these communities need external help with
their governance structure as they are unable to keep their communities safe
what does The First Nations Principles of OCAP stand for and mean? - ANS ✔- ownership,
control, access, possession
- means First Nations control data collection processes in their communities
why is increased governance over and access to Indigenous data important for communities -
ANS ✔allows communities to determine how to make decisions regarding why, how, and by
whom information is collected, used, or shared
prevalence is a measure of _____________, incidence is a measure of ____________ - ANS
✔burden, risk
describe prevalence - ANS ✔tells us about the number of existing cases of a disease in a
population
, what is the general formula for prevalence - ANS ✔prevalence = # of cases / total population
what are the 2 types of prevalence - ANS ✔point prevalence, period prevalence
what is point prevalence - ANS ✔measure of proportion of population that has certain disease
at a specific point in time
why is point prevalence rare to use in global health research - ANS ✔may require 6 months to
survey a region of Somalia and determine the number of existing tuberculosis cases, so would
have to use period prevalence
how is point prevalence calculated? - ANS ✔point prevalence = # of cases at a specific time /
total population at that time
what is period prevalence - ANS ✔measure of proportion of population that has certain disease
over a defined period of time
how is period prevalence calculated - ANS ✔period prevalence = # of cases over a period of time
/ average population during that period of time
At the beginning of September 2020, Canada's population was 37971020 and active cases of
COVID-19 was 6393. What was the prevalence of COVID-19 in Canada at that time? - ANS
✔6393 ÷ 37 971 020 = 0.0001683
Therefore, the prevalence of COVID-19 in Canada at the beginning of September 2020 was
0.0168% or 16.83 per 100 000
The first COVID-19 case appeared in Canada on January 25th, 2020. From then to September
1st, 2020, the average Canadian population was 37742154. During that time, the total number
