BIOD151
BIOD 151 Module 3 (Latest Update )
Essential Human Anatomy & Physiology I |
Questions & Answers | Grade A 100% Correct.
Portage Learning.
1. Where are taste buds located?: taste buds are found primarily on the tongue
but also on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx.
2. Describe the function of the tongue in the digestive process: The tongue
grips the food, constantly repositions it between the teeth and forms it into a
compact mass which is pushed back to the pharynx to begin the process of
swallowing
3. What is a bolus?: A bolus is the compact mass of food formed by the
combination of chewing by the teeth and repositioning by the tongue
4. List the 3 parts of the pharynx: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and
laryngopharynx
5. Through what sections of the pharynx does air travel? Through what
sections of the pharynx does food travel?: Air enters the nose, nasopharynx,
oropharynx and the laryngopharynx
,BIOD151
Food and liquid enter the mouth, continue through the oropharynx and the
laryngopharynx but then continue into the esophagus
6. What prevents food from entering the lungs and why is this necessary?:
Food is prevented from entering the larynx by the epiglottis, a flap of elastic
cartilage which covers the larynx when swallowing food or liquid
7. Describe how the muscular layers in the pharynx assist with food
passage: circumferential outer layer and an inner longitudinal layer which
contract alternatively squeezing food into the esophagus
8. List and describe the tissue layers of the esophagus: mucosa: the
innermost layer which secretes mucus into the interior the gastrointestinal
tract
submucosa: second layer which contains blood and lymph vessels, lymph
nodes, nerves, and mucous glands
muscularis externa: third layer which is made of two layers of muscle: the
outer longitudinal fibers and inner circumferential fibers
,BIOD151
serosa: the outermost layer is the which is made up of cells that make serous
fluid 19. Explain peristalsis: the squeezing of food through the GI tract by the
alternating contraction of the sets of longitudinal and circumferential muscles
20. What are the three main divisions of a tooth?: crown, neck and
root
21. What are the three types of papillae on the tongue? Which ones
contain taste buds?: circumvallate, fungiform and filiform
Circumvallate and fungiform papillae both contain taste buds
22. Describe the shape of the stomach and its location relative to the
abdomen and diaphragm: The stomach is a backward C shaped organ
that is located along the left side of the abdomen below the diaphragm
23. Describe the passage of food into and out of the stomach: food enters
the stomach from the esophagus via the cardioesophageal sphincter and
exits the stomach via the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine
24. Describe the lesser curvature and the greater curvature: the stomach
has two curvatures
, BIOD151
the concave lesser curvature which extends inward on the shorter side of the
stomach
convex greater curvature which extends outward on the longer side of the
stomach 26. Describe the lesser omentum and the greater omentum: lesser
omentum is a serous membrane which attaches the lesser curvature of the
stomach to the liver greater omentum is a serous membrane which attaches the
greater curvature of the stomach to the posterior wall of the body
27. List and describe the two functions of the stomach: 1. temporary
storage area for food, storing up to two liters of partially digested food
2. chemical digestion: muscular walls of the stomach contract vigorously and
mix food with juices that are secreted whenever food enters the stomach,
allowing food to be broken down into smaller pieces that are easier to digest
28. The pH of stomach is 1.3 - 3.5. What is this due to and what is its
source and function?: the 1.3-3.5 pH of stomach contents is due to
hydrochloric acid secreted by the parietal cells. The high acidity level kills
bacteria and converts the inactive pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin
BIOD 151 Module 3 (Latest Update )
Essential Human Anatomy & Physiology I |
Questions & Answers | Grade A 100% Correct.
Portage Learning.
1. Where are taste buds located?: taste buds are found primarily on the tongue
but also on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx.
2. Describe the function of the tongue in the digestive process: The tongue
grips the food, constantly repositions it between the teeth and forms it into a
compact mass which is pushed back to the pharynx to begin the process of
swallowing
3. What is a bolus?: A bolus is the compact mass of food formed by the
combination of chewing by the teeth and repositioning by the tongue
4. List the 3 parts of the pharynx: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and
laryngopharynx
5. Through what sections of the pharynx does air travel? Through what
sections of the pharynx does food travel?: Air enters the nose, nasopharynx,
oropharynx and the laryngopharynx
,BIOD151
Food and liquid enter the mouth, continue through the oropharynx and the
laryngopharynx but then continue into the esophagus
6. What prevents food from entering the lungs and why is this necessary?:
Food is prevented from entering the larynx by the epiglottis, a flap of elastic
cartilage which covers the larynx when swallowing food or liquid
7. Describe how the muscular layers in the pharynx assist with food
passage: circumferential outer layer and an inner longitudinal layer which
contract alternatively squeezing food into the esophagus
8. List and describe the tissue layers of the esophagus: mucosa: the
innermost layer which secretes mucus into the interior the gastrointestinal
tract
submucosa: second layer which contains blood and lymph vessels, lymph
nodes, nerves, and mucous glands
muscularis externa: third layer which is made of two layers of muscle: the
outer longitudinal fibers and inner circumferential fibers
,BIOD151
serosa: the outermost layer is the which is made up of cells that make serous
fluid 19. Explain peristalsis: the squeezing of food through the GI tract by the
alternating contraction of the sets of longitudinal and circumferential muscles
20. What are the three main divisions of a tooth?: crown, neck and
root
21. What are the three types of papillae on the tongue? Which ones
contain taste buds?: circumvallate, fungiform and filiform
Circumvallate and fungiform papillae both contain taste buds
22. Describe the shape of the stomach and its location relative to the
abdomen and diaphragm: The stomach is a backward C shaped organ
that is located along the left side of the abdomen below the diaphragm
23. Describe the passage of food into and out of the stomach: food enters
the stomach from the esophagus via the cardioesophageal sphincter and
exits the stomach via the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine
24. Describe the lesser curvature and the greater curvature: the stomach
has two curvatures
, BIOD151
the concave lesser curvature which extends inward on the shorter side of the
stomach
convex greater curvature which extends outward on the longer side of the
stomach 26. Describe the lesser omentum and the greater omentum: lesser
omentum is a serous membrane which attaches the lesser curvature of the
stomach to the liver greater omentum is a serous membrane which attaches the
greater curvature of the stomach to the posterior wall of the body
27. List and describe the two functions of the stomach: 1. temporary
storage area for food, storing up to two liters of partially digested food
2. chemical digestion: muscular walls of the stomach contract vigorously and
mix food with juices that are secreted whenever food enters the stomach,
allowing food to be broken down into smaller pieces that are easier to digest
28. The pH of stomach is 1.3 - 3.5. What is this due to and what is its
source and function?: the 1.3-3.5 pH of stomach contents is due to
hydrochloric acid secreted by the parietal cells. The high acidity level kills
bacteria and converts the inactive pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin
