9/7/25, 7:36 PM NRS232 Cardiac I
NRS 232 Cardiac 1 TEST BANK EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
AND 100 % ANSWERS (DETAILED AND ELABORATED) A+ GRADED
LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026
pulmonary congestion
There is decreased EF leading to increased left
ventricular preload and increased left atrial pressure.
All of that leads to increased pulmonary pressure and
What are the backward effects
ultimately pulmonary congestion.
of left-sided heart failure
Note:
(The increase in pulmonary pressure may also lead to
increased right ventricular afterload which over time
could lead to right ventricular hypertrophy if severe
enough or over a long enough period of time. This is
due to the RV having to work harder)
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
pulmonary congestion
restlessness
What are the clinical manifestations of confusion
left- sided heart failure? orthopnea
tachycardia
exertional dyspnea
fatigue
cyanosis
1/1
2
, 9/7/25, 7:36 PM NRS232 Cardiac I
Beacuse there is decreased cardiac output with left-
Why might left-sided heart sided heart failure, there is a decrease in blood leaving
failure lead to cyanosis? And the left ventricle. That means that there is a decrease in
would it be related to a perfusion throughout the body leading to cyanosis.
forward effect or backward
effect?
Forward effect
cough
crackles
What are the clinical signs of wheezes
pulmonary congestion? blood-tinged
sputum
tachypnea
True/False: False
Left-sided heart failure
can NOT lead to right-
sided heart failure.
What are the etiologies of pulmonary disorders (cor
right-sided heart failure? pulmonale) right
ventricular hypertrophy
systemic congestion
What are the backward
This is because there is a decrease in ejection
effects of right- sided
fraction and increased RV preload which leads to an
heart failure?
increase in right atrial pressure. This causes a back-
up of blood into the vena cava and vascular system
leading to systemic congestion.
decreased cardiac output
What are the forward effects
Due to the dysfunction of the right side of the heart, there will be
of right-sided heart failure? a decrease in
output to the left ventricle. Therefore, the left ventricle
will not be pumping out as much blood leading to low
cardiac output.
2/1
2
NRS 232 Cardiac 1 TEST BANK EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
AND 100 % ANSWERS (DETAILED AND ELABORATED) A+ GRADED
LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026
pulmonary congestion
There is decreased EF leading to increased left
ventricular preload and increased left atrial pressure.
All of that leads to increased pulmonary pressure and
What are the backward effects
ultimately pulmonary congestion.
of left-sided heart failure
Note:
(The increase in pulmonary pressure may also lead to
increased right ventricular afterload which over time
could lead to right ventricular hypertrophy if severe
enough or over a long enough period of time. This is
due to the RV having to work harder)
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
pulmonary congestion
restlessness
What are the clinical manifestations of confusion
left- sided heart failure? orthopnea
tachycardia
exertional dyspnea
fatigue
cyanosis
1/1
2
, 9/7/25, 7:36 PM NRS232 Cardiac I
Beacuse there is decreased cardiac output with left-
Why might left-sided heart sided heart failure, there is a decrease in blood leaving
failure lead to cyanosis? And the left ventricle. That means that there is a decrease in
would it be related to a perfusion throughout the body leading to cyanosis.
forward effect or backward
effect?
Forward effect
cough
crackles
What are the clinical signs of wheezes
pulmonary congestion? blood-tinged
sputum
tachypnea
True/False: False
Left-sided heart failure
can NOT lead to right-
sided heart failure.
What are the etiologies of pulmonary disorders (cor
right-sided heart failure? pulmonale) right
ventricular hypertrophy
systemic congestion
What are the backward
This is because there is a decrease in ejection
effects of right- sided
fraction and increased RV preload which leads to an
heart failure?
increase in right atrial pressure. This causes a back-
up of blood into the vena cava and vascular system
leading to systemic congestion.
decreased cardiac output
What are the forward effects
Due to the dysfunction of the right side of the heart, there will be
of right-sided heart failure? a decrease in
output to the left ventricle. Therefore, the left ventricle
will not be pumping out as much blood leading to low
cardiac output.
2/1
2
