1|Page
NR 601 Primary Care of the Maturing & Aged Family
2025 Update COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|GET IT 100%
CORRECT |already graded A+
Type 1 Diabetes - (ANSWER)Characterized by severe insulin deficiency related to
beta cell destruction.
Immune mediated- 1A
Idiopathic - 1B
Type 2 Diabetes - (ANSWER)Characterized by abnormal secretion of insulin or
insulin resistance.
Prediabetes - (ANSWER)Elevated glucose with impaired tolerance. Does not meet
type 2 diabetes diagnosis criteria.
Type 1 Diabetes Risk Factors - (ANSWER)Younger age, Caucasian/European
decent,
Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors - (ANSWER)Genetics, Obesity, AA, HTN, older than
45yo, HDL <35mg/dl, Triglycerides > 250mg/dl, minorities.
Diabetes Diagnostic Criteria - (ANSWER)A1c >6.5, Fasting Glucose >126, Random
Glucose >200, Symptoms, Glucose Tolerance Test >200. Confirmation with repeat
testing.
, 2|Page
Type 1 Diabetes Initial Treatment - (ANSWER)Normalize blood glucose with
insulin. Goal sugar level AC 80-130. A1C <7%
Type 2 Diabetes Initial Treatment - (ANSWER)Lifestyle changes, nutrition and
exercise counseling, balance and flexibility training. 500-700calories/day for
weight loss. 150min/week divided x3 days for exercise.
If A1C >10- insulin
If A1C >7.5- metformin and 2nd agent
If A1C<7.5- metformin and lifestyle changes
Insulin side effects - (ANSWER)hypoglycemia
Metformin side effects - (ANSWER)GI upset, lactic acidosis
Diabetes treatment in Healthy older adult - (ANSWER)A1C goal <7.5%, FBS 90-
130, HS glucose 90-150, BP <140/90, RX -Statin unless contraindicated
Diabetes treatment in Complex older adult - (ANSWER)With multiple chronic
illnesses; A1C goal <8%, FBS 90-150, HS glucose 100-180, BP <140/90, RX -Statin
unless contraindicated
Diabetes treatment in End-Stage older adult - (ANSWER)Poor health/end stage
diseases; A1C goal <8.5%, FBS 100-180, HS glucose 110-200, BP <150/90, consider
-Statin benefit for secondary prevention.
NR 601 Primary Care of the Maturing & Aged Family
2025 Update COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|GET IT 100%
CORRECT |already graded A+
Type 1 Diabetes - (ANSWER)Characterized by severe insulin deficiency related to
beta cell destruction.
Immune mediated- 1A
Idiopathic - 1B
Type 2 Diabetes - (ANSWER)Characterized by abnormal secretion of insulin or
insulin resistance.
Prediabetes - (ANSWER)Elevated glucose with impaired tolerance. Does not meet
type 2 diabetes diagnosis criteria.
Type 1 Diabetes Risk Factors - (ANSWER)Younger age, Caucasian/European
decent,
Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors - (ANSWER)Genetics, Obesity, AA, HTN, older than
45yo, HDL <35mg/dl, Triglycerides > 250mg/dl, minorities.
Diabetes Diagnostic Criteria - (ANSWER)A1c >6.5, Fasting Glucose >126, Random
Glucose >200, Symptoms, Glucose Tolerance Test >200. Confirmation with repeat
testing.
, 2|Page
Type 1 Diabetes Initial Treatment - (ANSWER)Normalize blood glucose with
insulin. Goal sugar level AC 80-130. A1C <7%
Type 2 Diabetes Initial Treatment - (ANSWER)Lifestyle changes, nutrition and
exercise counseling, balance and flexibility training. 500-700calories/day for
weight loss. 150min/week divided x3 days for exercise.
If A1C >10- insulin
If A1C >7.5- metformin and 2nd agent
If A1C<7.5- metformin and lifestyle changes
Insulin side effects - (ANSWER)hypoglycemia
Metformin side effects - (ANSWER)GI upset, lactic acidosis
Diabetes treatment in Healthy older adult - (ANSWER)A1C goal <7.5%, FBS 90-
130, HS glucose 90-150, BP <140/90, RX -Statin unless contraindicated
Diabetes treatment in Complex older adult - (ANSWER)With multiple chronic
illnesses; A1C goal <8%, FBS 90-150, HS glucose 100-180, BP <140/90, RX -Statin
unless contraindicated
Diabetes treatment in End-Stage older adult - (ANSWER)Poor health/end stage
diseases; A1C goal <8.5%, FBS 100-180, HS glucose 110-200, BP <150/90, consider
-Statin benefit for secondary prevention.
