Update 2025-2026
what statements are correct regarding the link between radiation and genetic effects - Answers
The link has been demonstrated in animal studies .
Increased risk to humans cannot be predicted with respect to an individual.
The changes in kilovoltage (kVp) will result in the greatest reduction of patient dose, when
milliampere-seconds (mAs) is adjusted to compensate for the change - Answers Increase kVp
by 30%
The following image receptor (IR) system speeds will result in the lowest patient dose - Answers
Faster speed IR system
The primary purpose of using gonad shields - Answers reduce the likelihood of genetic effects
Are gonad shields - Answers Contact and shadow
gonad shielding should be used - Answers when the gonads are within 5 cm of the radiation
field
the greatest cause of unnecessary radiation to patients that can be controlled by the limited
operator is - Answers repeat exposures
the limited operator can reduce repeat exposure - Answers clearly instructing patients
how does the x-ray beam restriction minimize patient exposure - Answers it limits the radiation
field to the area of interest
what is the device that allows the limited operator to vary the size of the radiation field -
Answers collimator
how does filtration reduce patient exposure - Answers removes longer-wavelength photons
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements(NCRP) recommendation for
the amount of total filtration - Answers 2.5 mm Al equiv
Three principal methods used to protect limited operators from unnecessary radiation exposure
- Answers time, distance, and shielding
The following is not a type of personal radiation shielding - Answers Shadow
personnel shielding must be worn on the rare occasion during which the limited operator may
need to remain in the radiographic room during an exposure to assist the patient in maintaining
the proper position. What is the source of the greatest radiation hazard under this
circumstance.? - Answers scattered radiation from the patient
,the term for radiation the escapes from the x-ray tube housing - Answers leakage radiation
why are limited operators prohibited from activities that result in direct exposure to the primary
x-ray beam - Answers they are considered occupationally exposed individuals
distance, as a method used to limit operator exposure, means that - Answers the operator
should maximize the distance from the source during an exposure
shielding worn for personnel protection is designed to attenuate what source of exposure -
Answers scatter radiation
the acronym for a common type of personnel dosimeter - Answers TLD
What is the recommended placement for personnel dosimeter on the body of the limited
operator - Answers the badge should be worn in the region of the collar on the anterior surface
of the body and outside the lead apron, if worn
The NCRP recommended annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure - Answers 5.0
rem (0.05 Sv)
The NCRP recommended monthly effective (or equivalent) dose limit to the fetus for a pregnant
worker - Answers 0.05 rem (0.0005 Sv)
Radiation monitoring of personnel is required when what percentage of the annual occupational
effective dose limit is likely to be received - Answers 10%
The conventional (British system) radiation unit to express radiation intensity in the air -
Answers Roentgen
The conventional (British system) unit commonly used to report occupational dose to radiation
workers in the United States is the - Answers rem
What is the conventional (British system) radiation unit of absorbed dose - Answers Rad
According to the Bergonie-Tribondeau law, the following types of cells are most radiosensitive -
Answers embryonic tissue cells
Type of x-ray photon interaction with the body is primarily responsible for the radiation dose
absorbed by the patient - Answers Photoelectric
The NCRP (report #102) recommendation for lead equivalency of aprons used for personnel
protection - Answers 0.5 mm
Erythema as it relates to radiation exposure - Answers reddening of the skin caused by a high
radiation dose
The guiding philosophy of radiation protection - Answers ALARA--as low as reasonably
, achievable
The following statements reflects current scientific opinion regarding the effects of diagnostic
levels of ionizing radiation - Answers There is an increased risk of cancer, leukemia, birth
defects, and cataracts
The following changes will decrease patient dose - Answers using a faster-speed class imaging
system
increasing the grid ratio to a 16:1 ratio
When radiation exposure occurs during pregnancy, the greatest risk of birth defects occurs
when the exposure - Answers exceeds 5 rad to the uterus
occurs within the first trimester of pregnancy
At what kVp levels do Compton interactions occur - Answers they occur throughout the
diagnostic radiology kVp range
The principal source of scatter radiation in radiography - Answers The IR
The four essentials elements required for x-ray production - Answers A target, a vacuum, an
electron source, and a high potential difference
The greatest portion of the x-ray beam is made up of - Answers Bremsstrahlung radiation
The penetrating power of the x-ray beam is controlled by varying the - Answers kilovoltage (kVp)
The following functions involve the autotransformer - Answers kVp selection
What is the IR that is used for computed radiography - Answers Photostimulable phosphor (PSP)
plate
Nearly all new x-ray machines manufactured today use _________________ generators - Answers
High-frequency
The target of the x-ray tube is made of - Answers tungsten
The standard control limit for the field light to radiation field alignment test - Answers +-2% of
SID
The standard control limit for the beam (central ray) alignment tests - Answers within 1 degree
of perpendicular
How often should lead aprons and gloves be checked for cracks or holes - Answers every 6
months
how can detector fog be prevented when using computed radiography cassettes - Answers