NURS 250 FINAL EXAM REVIEW: KEY TOPICS AND
INTERVENTIONS|NEW UPDATE 2025-2026|ALREADY
GRADED A+|360+Qs&As|
What happens to the thymus size and T cell production as a person ages?
Aging leads to decreased thymus size, which results in decreased T cell
production and immune surveillance.
What types of pathogens do T cells fight?
T cells fight intracellular viruses, fungi, and tumor cells.
How does aging affect cancer risk?
Increased age is associated with an increased risk of cancer.
What is a common concern regarding organ transplantation?
Rejection of the transplanted organ is a common concern.
What are the clinical assessment findings for acute rejection of a transplanted
organ?
,Acute rejection occurs within 6 months and is treated with increased
immunosuppressants and corticosteroids. Findings include oliguria, increased
temperature, increased blood pressure, enlarged/tender organ, fluid retention,
elevated serum creatinine, BUN, potassium, and severely decreased hemoglobin.
Is acute rejection of a transplanted organ reversible?
Yes, acute rejection is usually reversible.
What characterizes chronic rejection of a transplanted organ?
Chronic rejection occurs over months to years and is irreversible.
What are important considerations for immunosuppressive therapy in transplant
patients?
Patients are at risk for infection, should avoid exposure to infection risks,
grapefruit juice can increase toxicity and decrease metabolism of drugs, and BUN
and creatinine should be monitored for nephrotoxicity.
How long must immunosuppressive therapy be taken after transplantation?
Immunosuppressive therapy must be taken lifelong to maintain the transplant.
,What are some nursing considerations for a patient with HIV experiencing
fatigue?
Provide a restful environment, assist with personal care, and monitor tolerance
for visitors.
What nursing interventions are appropriate for managing pain in HIV patients?
Administer medications as appropriate, assess pain levels, and provide comfort
measures.
What infection control precautions should be implemented for HIV patients?
Implement handwashing or hand sanitizing upon entering and leaving the room,
and monitor for oral infections and meningitis.
What dietary considerations should be made for patients with HIV experiencing
anorexia and diarrhea?
Monitor weight, encourage nutritional supplements, assess hydration, give
antidiarrheal medication, and recommend a diet low in roughage and spicy foods.
What is the normal range for CD4 cell count?
The normal CD4 cell count is 500-1500 cells/uL.
, What does a decreased CD4 count indicate?
A decreased CD4 count indicates decreased immune function.
What is the purpose of viral load testing in HIV patients?
Viral load testing indicates disease activity or therapy effectiveness and is checked
every 3-6 months, before starting new HIV medications, and 2-8 weeks after
starting or changing medications.
What does an undetectable viral load signify?
An undetectable viral load indicates successful treatment but does not mean the
patient is cured.
What are the priority interventions for a patient with scleroderma?
Focus on supportive care to prevent or treat complications, minimize swallowing
difficulties, prevent aspiration, maintain hydration and nutritional status, and
promote comfort.
What does CREST syndrome stand for in relation to scleroderma?
CREST syndrome includes Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Esophageal
dysfunction, Sclerodactyly, and Telangiectasis.
INTERVENTIONS|NEW UPDATE 2025-2026|ALREADY
GRADED A+|360+Qs&As|
What happens to the thymus size and T cell production as a person ages?
Aging leads to decreased thymus size, which results in decreased T cell
production and immune surveillance.
What types of pathogens do T cells fight?
T cells fight intracellular viruses, fungi, and tumor cells.
How does aging affect cancer risk?
Increased age is associated with an increased risk of cancer.
What is a common concern regarding organ transplantation?
Rejection of the transplanted organ is a common concern.
What are the clinical assessment findings for acute rejection of a transplanted
organ?
,Acute rejection occurs within 6 months and is treated with increased
immunosuppressants and corticosteroids. Findings include oliguria, increased
temperature, increased blood pressure, enlarged/tender organ, fluid retention,
elevated serum creatinine, BUN, potassium, and severely decreased hemoglobin.
Is acute rejection of a transplanted organ reversible?
Yes, acute rejection is usually reversible.
What characterizes chronic rejection of a transplanted organ?
Chronic rejection occurs over months to years and is irreversible.
What are important considerations for immunosuppressive therapy in transplant
patients?
Patients are at risk for infection, should avoid exposure to infection risks,
grapefruit juice can increase toxicity and decrease metabolism of drugs, and BUN
and creatinine should be monitored for nephrotoxicity.
How long must immunosuppressive therapy be taken after transplantation?
Immunosuppressive therapy must be taken lifelong to maintain the transplant.
,What are some nursing considerations for a patient with HIV experiencing
fatigue?
Provide a restful environment, assist with personal care, and monitor tolerance
for visitors.
What nursing interventions are appropriate for managing pain in HIV patients?
Administer medications as appropriate, assess pain levels, and provide comfort
measures.
What infection control precautions should be implemented for HIV patients?
Implement handwashing or hand sanitizing upon entering and leaving the room,
and monitor for oral infections and meningitis.
What dietary considerations should be made for patients with HIV experiencing
anorexia and diarrhea?
Monitor weight, encourage nutritional supplements, assess hydration, give
antidiarrheal medication, and recommend a diet low in roughage and spicy foods.
What is the normal range for CD4 cell count?
The normal CD4 cell count is 500-1500 cells/uL.
, What does a decreased CD4 count indicate?
A decreased CD4 count indicates decreased immune function.
What is the purpose of viral load testing in HIV patients?
Viral load testing indicates disease activity or therapy effectiveness and is checked
every 3-6 months, before starting new HIV medications, and 2-8 weeks after
starting or changing medications.
What does an undetectable viral load signify?
An undetectable viral load indicates successful treatment but does not mean the
patient is cured.
What are the priority interventions for a patient with scleroderma?
Focus on supportive care to prevent or treat complications, minimize swallowing
difficulties, prevent aspiration, maintain hydration and nutritional status, and
promote comfort.
What does CREST syndrome stand for in relation to scleroderma?
CREST syndrome includes Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Esophageal
dysfunction, Sclerodactyly, and Telangiectasis.
