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Test Bank
pe
Ex
Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 5th Edition.
By Ellen Hillegass.
cy
er
(All Chapters Covered, Latest Edition, 100% Verified Answers with Rationales)
M
@
@Mercy Expert
, rt
@Mercy Expert
pe
Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
Ex
cy
1. Which of the following chest wall structures is located level with the second costal
cartilage anteriorly and thoracic vertebra T4 and T5 posteriorly?
er
A. Sternal angle
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B. Jugular notch
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C. Xiphoid process
D. Third costal cartilage
Answer: A
The sternal angle of the “angle of Louis” is level with the second costal cartilage anteriorly and
thoracic vertebrae T4 and T5 posteriorly.
PTS: 1
2. Pectus excuvatum is BEST described as:
A. Deformity of the sternum caused by trauma
B. Caved-in appearance of the chest
C. Diminished rib angle anteriorly
D. Conical shape of the thoracic cage
Answer: B
Pectus excuvatum is a common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest, in which
several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally; it produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of
the chest.
PTS: 1
3. The true ribs are BEST defined by which of the following statements?
A. Vertebrochondral ribs
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B. Vertebrosternal ribs
pe
C. Ribs 11 and 12
Ex
D. Ribs 8, 9, and 10
cy
Answer: B
er
The first seven ribs attach via their costal cartilages to the sternum and are called the true ribs
(also known as the vertebrosternal ribs).
M
PTS: 1
@
4. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a patient with lower rib
fractures?
A. Short, shallow breaths
B. Pursed lip breathing
C. Deep breaths with splinting
D. Breathing with arms raised
Answer: C
It is important for all therapists to recommend breathing (deep breathing), splinting (i.e., pillow),
and coughing strategies for patients with rib fractures.
PTS: 1
5. Which of the following positions facilitates greater excursion of both hemidiaphragms at
rest?
A. Supine position
B. Sidelying position
C. Standing position
D. Sitting position
Answer: A
In the supine position, without the effects of gravity, the level of the diaphragm in the thoracic
cavity rises. This allows for a relatively greater excursion.
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pe
PTS: 1
Ex
cy
6. Which of the following muscles help to achieve the active process of inspiration at rest?
er
A. Sternocleidomastoid
M
B. Diaphragm
@
C. Abdominal muscles
D. Trapezius
Answer: B
The diaphragm and internal intercostals (intercartilaginous portion) are the essential muscles to
achieve the active process of inspiration at rest. Abdominal muscles assist with expiration. The
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are accessory muscles and assist with a more forceful
inspiration.
PTS: 1
7. Which of the following accessory muscles of ventilation function to elevate and fix the
first and second ribs?
A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
B. Serratus anterior
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Scalene muscle
Answer: D
The scalene muscles lie deep to the sternocleidomastoid, but may be palpated in the posterior
triangle of the neck. These muscles function as a unit to elevate and fix the first and second ribs.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle elevates the sternum.
PTS: 1
@Mercy Expert
@Mercy Expert
Test Bank
pe
Ex
Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 5th Edition.
By Ellen Hillegass.
cy
er
(All Chapters Covered, Latest Edition, 100% Verified Answers with Rationales)
M
@
@Mercy Expert
, rt
@Mercy Expert
pe
Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
Ex
cy
1. Which of the following chest wall structures is located level with the second costal
cartilage anteriorly and thoracic vertebra T4 and T5 posteriorly?
er
A. Sternal angle
M
B. Jugular notch
@
C. Xiphoid process
D. Third costal cartilage
Answer: A
The sternal angle of the “angle of Louis” is level with the second costal cartilage anteriorly and
thoracic vertebrae T4 and T5 posteriorly.
PTS: 1
2. Pectus excuvatum is BEST described as:
A. Deformity of the sternum caused by trauma
B. Caved-in appearance of the chest
C. Diminished rib angle anteriorly
D. Conical shape of the thoracic cage
Answer: B
Pectus excuvatum is a common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest, in which
several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally; it produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of
the chest.
PTS: 1
3. The true ribs are BEST defined by which of the following statements?
A. Vertebrochondral ribs
@Mercy Expert
, rt
@Mercy Expert
B. Vertebrosternal ribs
pe
C. Ribs 11 and 12
Ex
D. Ribs 8, 9, and 10
cy
Answer: B
er
The first seven ribs attach via their costal cartilages to the sternum and are called the true ribs
(also known as the vertebrosternal ribs).
M
PTS: 1
@
4. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a patient with lower rib
fractures?
A. Short, shallow breaths
B. Pursed lip breathing
C. Deep breaths with splinting
D. Breathing with arms raised
Answer: C
It is important for all therapists to recommend breathing (deep breathing), splinting (i.e., pillow),
and coughing strategies for patients with rib fractures.
PTS: 1
5. Which of the following positions facilitates greater excursion of both hemidiaphragms at
rest?
A. Supine position
B. Sidelying position
C. Standing position
D. Sitting position
Answer: A
In the supine position, without the effects of gravity, the level of the diaphragm in the thoracic
cavity rises. This allows for a relatively greater excursion.
@Mercy Expert
, rt
@Mercy Expert
pe
PTS: 1
Ex
cy
6. Which of the following muscles help to achieve the active process of inspiration at rest?
er
A. Sternocleidomastoid
M
B. Diaphragm
@
C. Abdominal muscles
D. Trapezius
Answer: B
The diaphragm and internal intercostals (intercartilaginous portion) are the essential muscles to
achieve the active process of inspiration at rest. Abdominal muscles assist with expiration. The
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are accessory muscles and assist with a more forceful
inspiration.
PTS: 1
7. Which of the following accessory muscles of ventilation function to elevate and fix the
first and second ribs?
A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
B. Serratus anterior
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Scalene muscle
Answer: D
The scalene muscles lie deep to the sternocleidomastoid, but may be palpated in the posterior
triangle of the neck. These muscles function as a unit to elevate and fix the first and second ribs.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle elevates the sternum.
PTS: 1
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