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Sum of squares - CORRECT ANSWER-The residual sum of squares is
used to help you decide if a statistical model is a good fit for
your data. It measures the overall difference between your data
and the values predicted by your estimation model (a "residual"
is a measure of the distance from a data point to a regression
line). The sum of the squared deviations, (X-Xbar)², is also
called the sum of squares or more simply SS. SS represents the
sum of squared differences from the mean and is an extremely
important term in statistics. Variance. The sum of squares gives
rise to variance. In statistical data analysis the total sum of
squares (TSS or SST) is a quantity that appears as part of a
standard way of presenting results of such analyses. It is
defined as being the sum, over all observations, of the squared
differences of each observation from the overall mean. Can
calculate the sums of squares TOTAL, WITHIN, and
BETWEEN
What is the mean square formula? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mean
Square=
Sum of Squares divided by its degrees of freedom
In ANOVA, mean squares are used to determine whether
factors (treatments) are significant.
,Represents the variation between the sample means.
What is the purpose of a post-hoc test? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Purpose: Discover which pairs of scores are significantly
different
-Preserves FAMILY-WISE PROTECTION against Type I error
When do you look at post-hoc tests? - CORRECT ANSWER-ONLY IF
overall F value is significant
What is a 2 way ANOVA? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 independent
variables
What are the # of levels?
Ex:
You want to know how gait speed varies based on age and
gender.
Define IV, DV, and levels. - CORRECT ANSWER-# of groups within
each independent variable
DV: Gait speed
IV: Age and Gender
3 levels (groups) for age
2 levels (groups) for gender
, You want to test for sex differences in gait velocity among 3 age
groups used earlier.
What is the "main effect"? - CORRECT ANSWER-Average effect for
each independent variable.
Main effect for sex (combing all ages)
"What is the effect of sex on gait speed? Is there a difference in
gait speed if you're male versus female? Do men and women
have different gaits speeds?"
Main effect for age (combining both genders)?
"Does gait speed depend on age?"
What is the interaction ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Is there an interaction
BETWEEN the independent variables?
Analyze all subgroups for significant differences
What do main effect and interaction effect have in common? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Assessing effect of the IV
You want to test for sex differences in gait velocity among 3 age
groups used earlier.
What is the interaction asking? - CORRECT ANSWER-Does the effect
of gender (on gait speed) DEPEND on how old you are?