Chapter 1 Nursing, Theory, and Professional Practice z z z z z z
Review Questions and Answers 2025/2026
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The nurse supports a patient's decision to decline more cancer treatment and to be cared for by a
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hospice team, even though the nurse personally things the patient should seek more treatment.
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The nurse is practicing which nursing role?
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a. Advocacy
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b. Change Agent
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c. Leader
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d. Collaborator - Answer Answer: a
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The nurse has many roles. In this circumstance, however, the nurse is acting as the patient's
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advocate. Nurses advocate for the patient and support the patient's decision even when the nurse
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does not agree with the decision.
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z 1. A profession has specific characteristics. In regard to how nursing meets these characteristics,
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z which criteria are consistent and standardized processes? (Select all that apply.)
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a. Code of ethics
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b. Licensing
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c. Body of knowledge
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d. Educational preparation
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e. Altruism - Answer Answers: a, b, c, e
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Nursing as a profession has a code of ethics, licensing, a body of knowledge, and altruism. Because
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there are multiple paths of education for nursing and not a standard entry into practice, this is one
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criterion of a profession that varies in nursing.
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z 1. What specific aspect of a profession does the development of theories provide?
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a. Altruism
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b. Body of knowledge
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c. Autonomy
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, d. Accountability - Answer Answer: b
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Theories establish a specific nursing body of knowledge that is unique to the discipline, which is one
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criterion of a profession.
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z 1. Health care workers are discussing a diverse group of patients respectfully and are being
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z responsive to the health beliefs and practices of these patients. What important aspect of nursing
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z professional practice are they exhibiting? z z z z
a. Autonomy
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b. Accountability
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c. Cultural competence
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d. Autocratic leadership - Answer Answer: c
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The nurse and other health care workers are exhibiting cultural competence by being responsive to
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patients' health beliefs and practices that are influenced by each patient's culture. Autonomy is
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being independent and self-motivated. Accountability is accepting responsibility for one's own
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actions and omissions. An autocratic leader exercises strong control over subordinates.
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z 1. A nurse makes a medication error, immediately assesses the patient, and reports the error to the
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z nurse manager and the primary care provider (PCP). Which characteristic of a professional is the
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z nurse demonstrating? z
a. Autonomy
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b. Collaboration
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c. Accountability
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d. Altruism - Answer Answer: c
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The nurse is demonstrating accountability by taking responsibility for the error and reporting it after
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an initial assessment of the patient. Criteria of a profession include altruism (public service over
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personal gain), autonomy (independence), accountability, and diversity; however, in this case, the
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nurse is demonstrating accountability. Although collaboration is important for the health care team,
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it is not a criterion for a profession.
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z 1. Which are included in the ANA Standards of Professional Nursing Practice? (Select all that apply.)
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Review Questions and Answers 2025/2026
z z z z z
The nurse supports a patient's decision to decline more cancer treatment and to be cared for by a
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
hospice team, even though the nurse personally things the patient should seek more treatment.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
The nurse is practicing which nursing role?
z z z z z z z
a. Advocacy
z
b. Change Agent
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c. Leader
z
d. Collaborator - Answer Answer: a
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The nurse has many roles. In this circumstance, however, the nurse is acting as the patient's
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
advocate. Nurses advocate for the patient and support the patient's decision even when the nurse
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does not agree with the decision.
z z z z z z
z 1. A profession has specific characteristics. In regard to how nursing meets these characteristics,
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z which criteria are consistent and standardized processes? (Select all that apply.)
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a. Code of ethics
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b. Licensing
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c. Body of knowledge
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d. Educational preparation
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e. Altruism - Answer Answers: a, b, c, e
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Nursing as a profession has a code of ethics, licensing, a body of knowledge, and altruism. Because
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there are multiple paths of education for nursing and not a standard entry into practice, this is one
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criterion of a profession that varies in nursing.
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z 1. What specific aspect of a profession does the development of theories provide?
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a. Altruism
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b. Body of knowledge
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c. Autonomy
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, d. Accountability - Answer Answer: b
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Theories establish a specific nursing body of knowledge that is unique to the discipline, which is one
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criterion of a profession.
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z 1. Health care workers are discussing a diverse group of patients respectfully and are being
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z responsive to the health beliefs and practices of these patients. What important aspect of nursing
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z professional practice are they exhibiting? z z z z
a. Autonomy
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b. Accountability
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c. Cultural competence
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d. Autocratic leadership - Answer Answer: c
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The nurse and other health care workers are exhibiting cultural competence by being responsive to
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
patients' health beliefs and practices that are influenced by each patient's culture. Autonomy is
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
being independent and self-motivated. Accountability is accepting responsibility for one's own
z z z z z z z z z z z
actions and omissions. An autocratic leader exercises strong control over subordinates.
z z z z z z z z z z z
z 1. A nurse makes a medication error, immediately assesses the patient, and reports the error to the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
z nurse manager and the primary care provider (PCP). Which characteristic of a professional is the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
z nurse demonstrating? z
a. Autonomy
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b. Collaboration
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c. Accountability
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d. Altruism - Answer Answer: c
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The nurse is demonstrating accountability by taking responsibility for the error and reporting it after
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
an initial assessment of the patient. Criteria of a profession include altruism (public service over
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
personal gain), autonomy (independence), accountability, and diversity; however, in this case, the
z z z z z z z z z z z z
nurse is demonstrating accountability. Although collaboration is important for the health care team,
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it is not a criterion for a profession.
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z 1. Which are included in the ANA Standards of Professional Nursing Practice? (Select all that apply.)
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