NUR 256 PSYCH EXAM 2 |2025-2026 LATEST UPDATED |ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS | 100% RATED CORRECT |
100% VERFIED SOLTIONS | ALREADY GRADED A+
1. What are the four acid base imbalances?: Respiratory
Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
2. What is respiratory acidosis?: Most common cause of acid-
base imbalance. Occurs when a person breathes shallowly, or
gas exchange is hampered by diseases such as pneumonia,
cystic fibrosis, or emphysema. - HYPOVENTILATION.
Low pH (<7.35) - High CO2 (>45)
3. What is respiratory alkalosis?: Hyperventiation! Can occur
from stress, anxiety, panic attack, bleeding, heart or lung
disorder, infection.
High pH (>7.45) - Low CO2 (<35)
,4. What is metabolic acidosis?: An accumulation of acids as a
byproduct of metabolism.
Low pH (<7.35) - Low HCO3 (<22)
5. What is metabolic alkalosis?: Elevation of HCO3- usually
caused by an excessive loss of metabolic acids.
High pH (>7.45) - High HCO3 (>26)
6. What is uncompensated?: The pH is out of range and CO2 OR
HCO3 are in range.
7. What is partially compensated?: The pH is out of range and
CO2 AND HCO3 are both OUT of range.
8. What is fully compensated?: The pH is WITHIN range.
9. Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis?: -
Hypoventilation --> hypoxia - Rapid, shallow respirations
- Decrease BP with vasodilation
- Dypsnea (labored breathing)
- Headache
- Hyperkalemia (high potassium)
,- Dysrhythmias
- Muscle weakness
- Drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation
10. Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis?: - Seizures
- Deep, rapid breathing
- Hyperventilation
- Tachycardia
- Decreased or normal BP
- Hypokalemia (low potassium)
- Numbness and tingling of extremities
- Lethargy and confusion
- Light headedness
- Nausea, vomiting
11. Signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis?: - Headache
- Decreased BP
- *Hyperkalemia* (high potassium)
- *Muscle twitching*
- Warm, flushed skin (vasodilation)
, - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Changes in LOC, confusion, increase in drowsiness
- *Kussmal respirations* (compensatory hyperventilation)
12. Signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis?: -
Restlessness, followed by lethargy
- Dysrhythmias, tachycardia
- *Compensatory hypoventilation*
- Confusion, decreased LOC, dizzy, irritable
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- *Tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes*
- *Hypokalemia* (low potassium)
13. What is the range for pH?: 7.35-7.45
14. What is the range for paCO2?: 35-45
15. What is the range for HCO3?: 22-26
16. What are the electrolytes?: - Sodium
- Potassium
- Magnesium
- Calcium
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS | 100% RATED CORRECT |
100% VERFIED SOLTIONS | ALREADY GRADED A+
1. What are the four acid base imbalances?: Respiratory
Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
2. What is respiratory acidosis?: Most common cause of acid-
base imbalance. Occurs when a person breathes shallowly, or
gas exchange is hampered by diseases such as pneumonia,
cystic fibrosis, or emphysema. - HYPOVENTILATION.
Low pH (<7.35) - High CO2 (>45)
3. What is respiratory alkalosis?: Hyperventiation! Can occur
from stress, anxiety, panic attack, bleeding, heart or lung
disorder, infection.
High pH (>7.45) - Low CO2 (<35)
,4. What is metabolic acidosis?: An accumulation of acids as a
byproduct of metabolism.
Low pH (<7.35) - Low HCO3 (<22)
5. What is metabolic alkalosis?: Elevation of HCO3- usually
caused by an excessive loss of metabolic acids.
High pH (>7.45) - High HCO3 (>26)
6. What is uncompensated?: The pH is out of range and CO2 OR
HCO3 are in range.
7. What is partially compensated?: The pH is out of range and
CO2 AND HCO3 are both OUT of range.
8. What is fully compensated?: The pH is WITHIN range.
9. Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis?: -
Hypoventilation --> hypoxia - Rapid, shallow respirations
- Decrease BP with vasodilation
- Dypsnea (labored breathing)
- Headache
- Hyperkalemia (high potassium)
,- Dysrhythmias
- Muscle weakness
- Drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation
10. Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis?: - Seizures
- Deep, rapid breathing
- Hyperventilation
- Tachycardia
- Decreased or normal BP
- Hypokalemia (low potassium)
- Numbness and tingling of extremities
- Lethargy and confusion
- Light headedness
- Nausea, vomiting
11. Signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis?: - Headache
- Decreased BP
- *Hyperkalemia* (high potassium)
- *Muscle twitching*
- Warm, flushed skin (vasodilation)
, - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Changes in LOC, confusion, increase in drowsiness
- *Kussmal respirations* (compensatory hyperventilation)
12. Signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis?: -
Restlessness, followed by lethargy
- Dysrhythmias, tachycardia
- *Compensatory hypoventilation*
- Confusion, decreased LOC, dizzy, irritable
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- *Tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes*
- *Hypokalemia* (low potassium)
13. What is the range for pH?: 7.35-7.45
14. What is the range for paCO2?: 35-45
15. What is the range for HCO3?: 22-26
16. What are the electrolytes?: - Sodium
- Potassium
- Magnesium
- Calcium
