Test Bank - Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation-Physiological and Clinical Applications, 7th Edition (Cairo, 2020), Chapter 1-23 | All Chapters

,Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation Te
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st Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE r




1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is kno
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wn as which of the following?
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a. External respiration r



b. Internal respiration r



c. Spontaneous ventilation r



d. Mechanical ventilation r




ANS: C r


The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. Si
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nce the question asks for the body’s mechanism, this would be sponta
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neous ventilation. External respiration involves the exchange of oxyg
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en (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmon
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ary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and in
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volves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 r r




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body cells r r r r r



b. Scalenes and trapezius r r


muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary r r


capillaries
d. External oblique and r r


transverse abdominal muscles r r




ANS: C r


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon diox
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ide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal
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respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement of oxy
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gen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. E
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xternal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles are accessory mus
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cles of expiration.r r

, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 r r




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during nor
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mal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the followin
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g?
a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS: B r


During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops from
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about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -10 cm H2O at end-
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inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that change fro
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m -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 r r




4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
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.
a. - 1 cm H2O r r r



b. + 1 cm H2O r r r



c. 0 cm H2O r r



d. 5 cm H2O r r




ANS: A r


-
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal sp
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ontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal spontaneo
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us breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 r r




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as whi
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ch of the following?
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a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) r r r



b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) r r



c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) r r

, d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) r r




ANS: D r


The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure require
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d to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA ) is the pres
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sure gradient required to produce airflow in the conducting tubes. Tra
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nsrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inflate the lungs and air
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ways during positive pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT
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) represents the pressure required to expand or contract the lungs and
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the chest wall at the same time.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 r r




6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance during
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positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressure (PAw)
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is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
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a. 7 cm H2O r r



b. 30 cm H2O r r



c. 40 cm H2O r r



d. 175 cm H2O r r




ANS: B r


The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the pressure requi
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red to overcome airway resistance during mechanical ventilation. Th
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is formula is PTA = Paw- PA.
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DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 r r




7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to its or
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iginal form after being stretched or acted on by an outside force is whic
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h of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance r



d. Distending pressure r