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BIO 669 EXAM 1 | 2025-2026 LATEST UPDATED | ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100%
VERFIED SOLTIONS | ALREADY GRADED A+
1. what ion is the best represented by the following concentrations, 150 mM extracellular and
15mM intracellular is?: Na+
2. ADH is released in response to increased Na+ and results in?: Increased Na+ and water
retention
3. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system when activated will ultimately result in the
_________ through the kidneys?: Retention of Na+ and water and loss of K+
4. The effects of hypocalcemia on the neuromuscular system is?: Increased neuromuscular
excitability
5. Where is the most of the Na+ in our bodies found?: Extracellular fluid
6. A rise in H+ levels in the blood (acidosis) will result in _____ levels of C02 and will be
compensated by _____ breathing rate?: increase, increase
7. Which of the following is not associated with chronic inflammation?: serous exudate
8. Which of the following is not a feature of the adaptive immune system?: All of the above are
features of adaptive immune response.
9. What is the next step in dealing with pathogens or debris after the phagosome has formed?:
Fusion with lysosome
10. Aspirin and other NSAIDS work by blocking an enzyme critical in the formation of?:
Prostaglandins
,2|Page
11. Making the inside of the cell membrane more negative relative to the outside of the
membrane would be considered?: Hyperpolarization
12. Calcium has an equilibrium potential of 123MV. This means that under normal resting
potential, if Ca++ becomes permeable the cell membrane potential would?: Becomes more
positive until the inside of the cell becomes positive.
13. A stronger stimulus will result in a greater membrane depolarization of a neuron
resulting_____: More frequent action potential.
14. Frontal lobe is responsible for conscious...: Control of voluntary motor area and limbic
system.
15. The cerebellum is most responsible for...: Control of fine motor control and balances/posture
16. A stroke in the occipital lobe is most likely to show signs and symptoms affecting the...:
Patients vision
17. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the comparison of the autonomic and
somatic nervous system?: They both originate in the CNS and end in the PNS so they are part
of the PNS
18. The beta-2 receptors upon binding to its ligands will result in which of the following effects?:
Vascular smooth muscle relaxation and dilation in cardiac arterioles.
19. Parasympathetic system stimulation causes all of the following except?: Increased
vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle.
20. The ____ division of the autonomic nervous system helps conserve energy and the body's
resources (rest and digest) and uses ______ as it's neurotransmitter?: Parasympathetic;
acetylcholine
,3|Page
21. What effect will the movement of potassium down its electrochemical gradient have on
membrane potential?: Hyperpolarization
22. A stronger stimulus will result in a greater membrane depolarization of a neuron, resulting in
___.: More frequent action potentials
23. All of the following are true regarding graded potential EXCEPT:: The all look alike (in
amplitude)
24. A stroke affecting the temporal lobe is most likely to show signs and symptoms affecting
the:: Patients speech or hearing
25. frontal lobe is responsible for conscious:: Control of voluntary motor area and limbic system
26. The cerebellum is most responsible for:: Control of fine motor control and balance/posture
27. The beta-2 receptor, upon binding to its ligand, will result in which of the following effects?:
Vascular smooth muscle relaxation and dilation in cardiac arterioles
28. The peripheral nervous system division that arises from the thoracic and lumbar regions is
the:: Sympathetic
29. Ephedra is a mimetic, meaning it has sympathetic nervous system activating effects. As such,
it may be assumed to have all of the following side effects
EXCEPT:: Diarrhea and abdominal cramping
30. The ___ division of the autonomic nervous system helps conserve energy and the
body'sresources (rest) and uses ____ as its neurotransmitter(s).: Parasympathetic;
acetylcholine
31. Saltatory conduction:: Occurs only at the Nodes of Ranvier
, 4|Page
32. Graded potentials are all of the following EXCEPT:: Impulses which travel without
diminishing over distance
33. Calcium has an equilibrium potential of 123mV. This means that under normal
restingpotential, if Ca++ became more permeable the membrane potential would:: Become
more positive until the inside of the cell became positive
34. The basal ganglia (cerebral nuclei) are most involved in:: Inhibiting unwanted movement
(coordinating movement)
35. The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with which of the following:: Ganglia that
are close to the target organ
36. The receptive (incoming signal) portion of the neuron is called the:: Dendrite
37. When both Na and K are permeable at the same time (as in opening ion chemicals at
the neuromuscular junction allowing both to cross), what will happen to the membrane
potential:: The cell membrane depolarizes
38. Making the inside of the cell membrane more negative relative to the outside of the
membrane would be considered:: Hyperpolarization (repolarization)
39. Damage to Broca's area is most likely to cause:: Inability/difficulty in forming words
(expressive aphasia)
40. The reticular formation is responsible for:: Wakefulness and vital reflexes 41.
Parasympathetic system stimulation causes all of the following effects except:: Increasing
vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle
42. Demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Guillain Barre syndrome, may
BIO 669 EXAM 1 | 2025-2026 LATEST UPDATED | ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100%
VERFIED SOLTIONS | ALREADY GRADED A+
1. what ion is the best represented by the following concentrations, 150 mM extracellular and
15mM intracellular is?: Na+
2. ADH is released in response to increased Na+ and results in?: Increased Na+ and water
retention
3. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system when activated will ultimately result in the
_________ through the kidneys?: Retention of Na+ and water and loss of K+
4. The effects of hypocalcemia on the neuromuscular system is?: Increased neuromuscular
excitability
5. Where is the most of the Na+ in our bodies found?: Extracellular fluid
6. A rise in H+ levels in the blood (acidosis) will result in _____ levels of C02 and will be
compensated by _____ breathing rate?: increase, increase
7. Which of the following is not associated with chronic inflammation?: serous exudate
8. Which of the following is not a feature of the adaptive immune system?: All of the above are
features of adaptive immune response.
9. What is the next step in dealing with pathogens or debris after the phagosome has formed?:
Fusion with lysosome
10. Aspirin and other NSAIDS work by blocking an enzyme critical in the formation of?:
Prostaglandins
,2|Page
11. Making the inside of the cell membrane more negative relative to the outside of the
membrane would be considered?: Hyperpolarization
12. Calcium has an equilibrium potential of 123MV. This means that under normal resting
potential, if Ca++ becomes permeable the cell membrane potential would?: Becomes more
positive until the inside of the cell becomes positive.
13. A stronger stimulus will result in a greater membrane depolarization of a neuron
resulting_____: More frequent action potential.
14. Frontal lobe is responsible for conscious...: Control of voluntary motor area and limbic
system.
15. The cerebellum is most responsible for...: Control of fine motor control and balances/posture
16. A stroke in the occipital lobe is most likely to show signs and symptoms affecting the...:
Patients vision
17. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the comparison of the autonomic and
somatic nervous system?: They both originate in the CNS and end in the PNS so they are part
of the PNS
18. The beta-2 receptors upon binding to its ligands will result in which of the following effects?:
Vascular smooth muscle relaxation and dilation in cardiac arterioles.
19. Parasympathetic system stimulation causes all of the following except?: Increased
vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle.
20. The ____ division of the autonomic nervous system helps conserve energy and the body's
resources (rest and digest) and uses ______ as it's neurotransmitter?: Parasympathetic;
acetylcholine
,3|Page
21. What effect will the movement of potassium down its electrochemical gradient have on
membrane potential?: Hyperpolarization
22. A stronger stimulus will result in a greater membrane depolarization of a neuron, resulting in
___.: More frequent action potentials
23. All of the following are true regarding graded potential EXCEPT:: The all look alike (in
amplitude)
24. A stroke affecting the temporal lobe is most likely to show signs and symptoms affecting
the:: Patients speech or hearing
25. frontal lobe is responsible for conscious:: Control of voluntary motor area and limbic system
26. The cerebellum is most responsible for:: Control of fine motor control and balance/posture
27. The beta-2 receptor, upon binding to its ligand, will result in which of the following effects?:
Vascular smooth muscle relaxation and dilation in cardiac arterioles
28. The peripheral nervous system division that arises from the thoracic and lumbar regions is
the:: Sympathetic
29. Ephedra is a mimetic, meaning it has sympathetic nervous system activating effects. As such,
it may be assumed to have all of the following side effects
EXCEPT:: Diarrhea and abdominal cramping
30. The ___ division of the autonomic nervous system helps conserve energy and the
body'sresources (rest) and uses ____ as its neurotransmitter(s).: Parasympathetic;
acetylcholine
31. Saltatory conduction:: Occurs only at the Nodes of Ranvier
, 4|Page
32. Graded potentials are all of the following EXCEPT:: Impulses which travel without
diminishing over distance
33. Calcium has an equilibrium potential of 123mV. This means that under normal
restingpotential, if Ca++ became more permeable the membrane potential would:: Become
more positive until the inside of the cell became positive
34. The basal ganglia (cerebral nuclei) are most involved in:: Inhibiting unwanted movement
(coordinating movement)
35. The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with which of the following:: Ganglia that
are close to the target organ
36. The receptive (incoming signal) portion of the neuron is called the:: Dendrite
37. When both Na and K are permeable at the same time (as in opening ion chemicals at
the neuromuscular junction allowing both to cross), what will happen to the membrane
potential:: The cell membrane depolarizes
38. Making the inside of the cell membrane more negative relative to the outside of the
membrane would be considered:: Hyperpolarization (repolarization)
39. Damage to Broca's area is most likely to cause:: Inability/difficulty in forming words
(expressive aphasia)
40. The reticular formation is responsible for:: Wakefulness and vital reflexes 41.
Parasympathetic system stimulation causes all of the following effects except:: Increasing
vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle
42. Demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Guillain Barre syndrome, may
