Pharmacology Final Exam
REVIEW!!!! QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
1.When administering topical nitroglycerin ointment, the nurse should use which
technique?
A. The ointment should be applied on the chest over the heart.
B. The ointment should be used only in the case of a mild angina episode.
C. The old ointment should be removed before new ointment is applied.
D. The ointment should be massaged gently into the skin, then covered with plastic
wrap. - Correct answerC. The old ointment should be removed before new
ointment is applied.
2. Which drug classes are considered first-line treatment for heart failure? Select all that
apply.
A. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
B. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
C. Digoxin (cardiac glycoside)
D. Beta-blockers
E. Nesiritide (Natrecor), the B-type natriuretic peptide - Correct answerACE
ARBS
Beta-blockers
loop diuretics
In assessing a patient before administration of a cardiac glycoside, the nurse knows that
what condition can predispose a patient to digitalis toxicity?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypernatremia - Correct answerA. Hypokalemia; control ventricular
response to atrial fibrillation and a derived from foxglove. Digoxin is the only available
cardiac glycoside---positive inotropic---inhibits sodium potassium pump (adenosine
tripphophatase) Sodium and calcium rise. Cholinergic stimulation via the vagus nerve of
Parasympathetic nervous system. ---Negative chronotropic---Negative Dromotropic
effect
,While assessing a patient who is receiving intravenous digitalis, the nurse recognizes
that the drug has a negative chronotropic effect. How would this drug effect be evident
in the patient?
A. Increased heart rate
B. Decreased heart rate
C. Decreased conduction
D. Increased ectopic beats - Correct answerB. Decreased heart rate
A patient has been taking digoxin at home but has taken an accidental overdose and
has developed toxicity. He has been admitted to the telemetry unit where the physician
has ordered digoxin immune Fab (Digibind). The patient asks the nurse why the
medication is ordered. What is the nurse's best response?
A. "It works faster than digoxin."
B. "It is safer than digoxin and can be taken orally."
C. "It helps to convert the irregular heart rhythm to a more normal rhythm."
D. "This drug is an antidote to digoxin and will help to lower the blood levels." -
Correct answerD. "This drug is an antidote to digoxin and will help to lower the
blood levels." (severe bradycardia, advanced heart block, ventricularr tachycardia,
fibrillation, and hyperkalemia); available in parental form. Clinical signs and symptoms
are monitored NOT serum levels----used for systolic heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
5. A patient has been placed on a milrinone infusion as part of the therapy for end-stage
heart failure. What risks involved with this drug will the nurse keep in mind while
assessing this patient during the infusion?
A. Hypertension
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Cardiac dysrhythmias - Correct answerD. Cardiac dysrhythmias
(contraindictated with ventricular tachycardia, and fibrillation) used for treatment of atrial
fibrillation. Available in Oral and injection form.
6. A patient with atrial fibrillation was started on digoxin, and 1 week later a digoxin level
was drawn. Which result is within normal therapeutic levels for digoxin?
A. 0.4 ng/mL
B. 0.7 ng/mL
C. 2.1 ng/mL
D. 2.6 ng/mL or higher - Correct answerB. 0.7 ng/mL (normal 0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL
7. When reviewing the list of medications taken by a patient who will be receiving a new
prescription for digoxin, the nurse would be concerned about which medication that may
interact with the digoxin?
A. aspirin
B. acetaminophen (Tylenol)
, C. furosemide (Lasix)
D. vitamin K - Correct answerC. furosemide (Lasix); (loop Diuretics); numerous
ones on page 341
8. The nurse is reviewing discharge teaching for a patient who will be taking digoxin
(Lanoxin) therapy. The patient should be taught to avoid which foods when taking the
digoxin?
A. Leafy green vegetables
B. Dairy products
C. Grapefruit juice
D. Bran muffins - Correct answerD. Bran muffins
9. In assessing a patient before administration of a cardiac glycoside, the nurse knows
that which lab result can increase the toxicity of the drug?
A. Potassium level 2.8 mEq/L
B. Potassium level 4.9 mEq/L
C. Sodium level 140 mEq/L
D. Calcium level 10 mg/dL - Correct answerA. Potassium level 2.8 mEq/L (low
potassium normal is 3.5 to 5.0)
10. The nurse administering the phosphodiesterase inhibitor inamrinone recognizes that
this drug should have a positive inotropic effect. This effect will result in increased
A. heart rate.
B. blood vessel dilation.
C. force of cardiac contraction.
D. conduction of electrical impulses across the heart. - Correct answerC. force
of cardiac contraction. (increase cAMP) positive inotropic (by more calcium available in
SR)effect and vasodilation, (inodilators)---positive chornotropic effect); USED IN ICU;
ADVERSE EFFECT...thrombocytopenia, dysrhythmia, ventricular, hypotension and
angina, hypokalemia, tremor.
11. The nurse notes in a patient's medical record that nesiritide has been ordered.
Based on this order, the nurse interprets that the patient has which disorder?
A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Acutely decompensated heart failure with dyspnea at rest
C. Systolic heart failure
D. Long-term treatment of heart failure. - Correct answerB. Acutely
decompensated heart failure with dyspnea at rest
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:
1. When a patient is experiencing digoxin toxicity, which clinical situation would
necessitate the use of digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)? Select all that apply.
A. The patient reports seeing colorful halos around lights.
REVIEW!!!! QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
1.When administering topical nitroglycerin ointment, the nurse should use which
technique?
A. The ointment should be applied on the chest over the heart.
B. The ointment should be used only in the case of a mild angina episode.
C. The old ointment should be removed before new ointment is applied.
D. The ointment should be massaged gently into the skin, then covered with plastic
wrap. - Correct answerC. The old ointment should be removed before new
ointment is applied.
2. Which drug classes are considered first-line treatment for heart failure? Select all that
apply.
A. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
B. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
C. Digoxin (cardiac glycoside)
D. Beta-blockers
E. Nesiritide (Natrecor), the B-type natriuretic peptide - Correct answerACE
ARBS
Beta-blockers
loop diuretics
In assessing a patient before administration of a cardiac glycoside, the nurse knows that
what condition can predispose a patient to digitalis toxicity?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypernatremia - Correct answerA. Hypokalemia; control ventricular
response to atrial fibrillation and a derived from foxglove. Digoxin is the only available
cardiac glycoside---positive inotropic---inhibits sodium potassium pump (adenosine
tripphophatase) Sodium and calcium rise. Cholinergic stimulation via the vagus nerve of
Parasympathetic nervous system. ---Negative chronotropic---Negative Dromotropic
effect
,While assessing a patient who is receiving intravenous digitalis, the nurse recognizes
that the drug has a negative chronotropic effect. How would this drug effect be evident
in the patient?
A. Increased heart rate
B. Decreased heart rate
C. Decreased conduction
D. Increased ectopic beats - Correct answerB. Decreased heart rate
A patient has been taking digoxin at home but has taken an accidental overdose and
has developed toxicity. He has been admitted to the telemetry unit where the physician
has ordered digoxin immune Fab (Digibind). The patient asks the nurse why the
medication is ordered. What is the nurse's best response?
A. "It works faster than digoxin."
B. "It is safer than digoxin and can be taken orally."
C. "It helps to convert the irregular heart rhythm to a more normal rhythm."
D. "This drug is an antidote to digoxin and will help to lower the blood levels." -
Correct answerD. "This drug is an antidote to digoxin and will help to lower the
blood levels." (severe bradycardia, advanced heart block, ventricularr tachycardia,
fibrillation, and hyperkalemia); available in parental form. Clinical signs and symptoms
are monitored NOT serum levels----used for systolic heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
5. A patient has been placed on a milrinone infusion as part of the therapy for end-stage
heart failure. What risks involved with this drug will the nurse keep in mind while
assessing this patient during the infusion?
A. Hypertension
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Cardiac dysrhythmias - Correct answerD. Cardiac dysrhythmias
(contraindictated with ventricular tachycardia, and fibrillation) used for treatment of atrial
fibrillation. Available in Oral and injection form.
6. A patient with atrial fibrillation was started on digoxin, and 1 week later a digoxin level
was drawn. Which result is within normal therapeutic levels for digoxin?
A. 0.4 ng/mL
B. 0.7 ng/mL
C. 2.1 ng/mL
D. 2.6 ng/mL or higher - Correct answerB. 0.7 ng/mL (normal 0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL
7. When reviewing the list of medications taken by a patient who will be receiving a new
prescription for digoxin, the nurse would be concerned about which medication that may
interact with the digoxin?
A. aspirin
B. acetaminophen (Tylenol)
, C. furosemide (Lasix)
D. vitamin K - Correct answerC. furosemide (Lasix); (loop Diuretics); numerous
ones on page 341
8. The nurse is reviewing discharge teaching for a patient who will be taking digoxin
(Lanoxin) therapy. The patient should be taught to avoid which foods when taking the
digoxin?
A. Leafy green vegetables
B. Dairy products
C. Grapefruit juice
D. Bran muffins - Correct answerD. Bran muffins
9. In assessing a patient before administration of a cardiac glycoside, the nurse knows
that which lab result can increase the toxicity of the drug?
A. Potassium level 2.8 mEq/L
B. Potassium level 4.9 mEq/L
C. Sodium level 140 mEq/L
D. Calcium level 10 mg/dL - Correct answerA. Potassium level 2.8 mEq/L (low
potassium normal is 3.5 to 5.0)
10. The nurse administering the phosphodiesterase inhibitor inamrinone recognizes that
this drug should have a positive inotropic effect. This effect will result in increased
A. heart rate.
B. blood vessel dilation.
C. force of cardiac contraction.
D. conduction of electrical impulses across the heart. - Correct answerC. force
of cardiac contraction. (increase cAMP) positive inotropic (by more calcium available in
SR)effect and vasodilation, (inodilators)---positive chornotropic effect); USED IN ICU;
ADVERSE EFFECT...thrombocytopenia, dysrhythmia, ventricular, hypotension and
angina, hypokalemia, tremor.
11. The nurse notes in a patient's medical record that nesiritide has been ordered.
Based on this order, the nurse interprets that the patient has which disorder?
A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Acutely decompensated heart failure with dyspnea at rest
C. Systolic heart failure
D. Long-term treatment of heart failure. - Correct answerB. Acutely
decompensated heart failure with dyspnea at rest
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:
1. When a patient is experiencing digoxin toxicity, which clinical situation would
necessitate the use of digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)? Select all that apply.
A. The patient reports seeing colorful halos around lights.
