HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING (EXAM 1) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL
ANSWERS CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+
FOR SUCCESS
What is CO - CORRECT ANSWERS SV x HR
What is CO - CORRECT ANSWERS Amt of blood pumped by ventricle in 1 MINUTE
What is a normal CO - CORRECT ANSWERS 4-8 L/min
What is stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWERS The amt of blood ejected during a SINGLE
HEARTBEAT
What is cardiac index and stroke volume index - CORRECT ANSWERS Ajdusted for body size
How do we quantify preload - CORRECT ANSWERS CVP
Measurement that reflects pt volume status - CORRECT ANSWERS CVP
What are factors that affect stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWERS Contractility
Afterload
Preload
End systolic volume
What is preload - CORRECT ANSWERS Amt of tension on muscle before beginning contraction
(at the end of diastole)
What factors influence venous return? - CORRECT ANSWERS Position change
Intrathoracic pressure
Blood volume
,HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING (EXAM 1) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL
ANSWERS CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+
FOR SUCCESS
Balance of constriction and dilation of venous return
What are factors that increase preload? - CORRECT ANSWERS Vasoconstriction and increased
fluid volume
What are factors that decrease preload - CORRECT ANSWERS Vasodilation, diuresis, and
hypovolemia
If preload increases what happens to myocardial O2 demmand - CORRECT ANSWERS It
increases
If preload decreases what happens to myocardial O2 demmand - CORRECT ANSWERS It
decreases
What is Starling's Law? - CORRECT ANSWERS force of contraction is equal to the initial length of
cardiac muscle fiber (preload)
Narrower more constricted vessels - CORRECT ANSWERS Increase resistance thus increasing
afterload
What is a normal ejection fraction - CORRECT ANSWERS 55%-70%
What is RV afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS The amt of resistance that must be overcome to
pump through pulm circulation
PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE
, HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING (EXAM 1) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL
ANSWERS CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+
FOR SUCCESS
What is LV afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS Amount of resistance must be overcome to pump
through systemic circulation
SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE
Increased afterload does what to myocardial O2 demmand? - CORRECT ANSWERS Increases it
Decreased afterload does what to myocardial O2 demmand? - CORRECT ANSWERS Decreases it
Is a beta blocker a positive or negative inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Negative
Is digoxin a positive or negative inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Positive
Are calcium channel blockers pos or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Negative
Is milrinone a pos or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Positive
Is dobutamine a pos or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Positive
Is acetylcholine a pos or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Negative
Is procainamide a pos or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Negative
Is epinephrine a positive or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Positive
ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL
ANSWERS CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+
FOR SUCCESS
What is CO - CORRECT ANSWERS SV x HR
What is CO - CORRECT ANSWERS Amt of blood pumped by ventricle in 1 MINUTE
What is a normal CO - CORRECT ANSWERS 4-8 L/min
What is stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWERS The amt of blood ejected during a SINGLE
HEARTBEAT
What is cardiac index and stroke volume index - CORRECT ANSWERS Ajdusted for body size
How do we quantify preload - CORRECT ANSWERS CVP
Measurement that reflects pt volume status - CORRECT ANSWERS CVP
What are factors that affect stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWERS Contractility
Afterload
Preload
End systolic volume
What is preload - CORRECT ANSWERS Amt of tension on muscle before beginning contraction
(at the end of diastole)
What factors influence venous return? - CORRECT ANSWERS Position change
Intrathoracic pressure
Blood volume
,HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING (EXAM 1) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL
ANSWERS CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+
FOR SUCCESS
Balance of constriction and dilation of venous return
What are factors that increase preload? - CORRECT ANSWERS Vasoconstriction and increased
fluid volume
What are factors that decrease preload - CORRECT ANSWERS Vasodilation, diuresis, and
hypovolemia
If preload increases what happens to myocardial O2 demmand - CORRECT ANSWERS It
increases
If preload decreases what happens to myocardial O2 demmand - CORRECT ANSWERS It
decreases
What is Starling's Law? - CORRECT ANSWERS force of contraction is equal to the initial length of
cardiac muscle fiber (preload)
Narrower more constricted vessels - CORRECT ANSWERS Increase resistance thus increasing
afterload
What is a normal ejection fraction - CORRECT ANSWERS 55%-70%
What is RV afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS The amt of resistance that must be overcome to
pump through pulm circulation
PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE
, HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING (EXAM 1) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026 UPDATED A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL
ANSWERS CORRECT DETAILED BEST GRADED TO SCORE A+
FOR SUCCESS
What is LV afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS Amount of resistance must be overcome to pump
through systemic circulation
SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE
Increased afterload does what to myocardial O2 demmand? - CORRECT ANSWERS Increases it
Decreased afterload does what to myocardial O2 demmand? - CORRECT ANSWERS Decreases it
Is a beta blocker a positive or negative inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Negative
Is digoxin a positive or negative inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Positive
Are calcium channel blockers pos or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Negative
Is milrinone a pos or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Positive
Is dobutamine a pos or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Positive
Is acetylcholine a pos or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Negative
Is procainamide a pos or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Negative
Is epinephrine a positive or neg inotrope? - CORRECT ANSWERS Positive
