RD Exam - Domain II, MNT 2025) comprehensive
questions and verified answers (Detailed &
Elaborated) ACTUAL EXAM 2025 TEST 100% Solved
2025!!
How do H₂ Blockers (Cimetidine, Rantidine) help w/ gastric ulcers? -
(ANSWER)Prevents binding of histamine to receptor; decreases acid secretion
Diverticulosis - (ANSWER)Presence of diverticula (mucosal sacs in intestinal wall)
rx: High fiber diet
Diverticulitis - (ANSWER)When diverticula become inflamed
rx: Clear liquids (Low residue diet or elemental), gradual return to high fiber
Describe how to tell if someone has lactose intolerance using the lactose
tolerance test - (ANSWER)If lactose intolerant - blood glucose will not rise past 25
mg/dl above fasting (flat curve)
If tolerant - glucose will rise above 25 mg/dL (normal curve)
What should be avoided w/ lactose intolerance? What might be tolerated? -
(ANSWER)Avoid - animal milk/milk products
May tolerate - yogurt & small amounts of aged cheese
,What should be restricted in children up to age 6 in order to prevent chronic,
nonspecific infantile diarrhea - (ANSWER)No more that 4 oz or apple/grape juice
2' high osmolar loads
What type of small bowel resection is more dangerous? What are some
consequences? - (ANSWER)ileal resection - ileum normally absorbs B₁₂, Intrinsic
factor, bile salts, and major portion of fluid
-If bile salts are recycled, lipids can't be emulsified --> malabsoprtion of fat-
soluble vitamins
Nutritional Care for ileal resection - (ANSWER)limit fat - use MCT oil (because it
doesn't need bile salts for digestion)
Parental B₁₂ initially followed by monthly injections
What are the 4 liver enzymes and what is indicated if they are elevated? -
(ANSWER)ALP - Alkaline phosphatase
LDH - lactic acid dehydrogenase
AST - aspartate aminotransferase
ALT - alanine aminotransferase
Elevated liver enzymes indicates tissue damage
Nutrition care for hepititis - (ANSWER)Small, frequent feedings 2' anorexia
High protein can help prevent fatty liver
, Describe how ascites occurs w/ liver disease - (ANSWER)Connective tissue
overgrowth blocks blood flow out of liver in to vena cava
Fluid/blood builds up in liver, eventually leaking into peritoneal cavity
High osmolar load pulls more fluid, leading to sodium & water retention
What causes esophageal varicies? - (ANSWER)Portal htn
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome - (ANSWER)confusion/ams 2' thamine deficiency -
typically seen in alcoholic cirrhosis
Typical treatments for ESLD - (ANSWER)supplementing BCAAs - may not have
benefit
Lactulose - removes N
Neomycin - destroys bacteria that produce ammonia
Diet rx for HTN - (ANSWER)low sodium ( ≤ 2400 mg), DASH diet
Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) - (ANSWER)AHA Diet for Hyperlipidimia
-35% of kcals from fat (<7% saturated, 10% PUFA, 20% MUFA, <200 mg
cholesterol)
-25 to 30 g fiber (half soluble)
questions and verified answers (Detailed &
Elaborated) ACTUAL EXAM 2025 TEST 100% Solved
2025!!
How do H₂ Blockers (Cimetidine, Rantidine) help w/ gastric ulcers? -
(ANSWER)Prevents binding of histamine to receptor; decreases acid secretion
Diverticulosis - (ANSWER)Presence of diverticula (mucosal sacs in intestinal wall)
rx: High fiber diet
Diverticulitis - (ANSWER)When diverticula become inflamed
rx: Clear liquids (Low residue diet or elemental), gradual return to high fiber
Describe how to tell if someone has lactose intolerance using the lactose
tolerance test - (ANSWER)If lactose intolerant - blood glucose will not rise past 25
mg/dl above fasting (flat curve)
If tolerant - glucose will rise above 25 mg/dL (normal curve)
What should be avoided w/ lactose intolerance? What might be tolerated? -
(ANSWER)Avoid - animal milk/milk products
May tolerate - yogurt & small amounts of aged cheese
,What should be restricted in children up to age 6 in order to prevent chronic,
nonspecific infantile diarrhea - (ANSWER)No more that 4 oz or apple/grape juice
2' high osmolar loads
What type of small bowel resection is more dangerous? What are some
consequences? - (ANSWER)ileal resection - ileum normally absorbs B₁₂, Intrinsic
factor, bile salts, and major portion of fluid
-If bile salts are recycled, lipids can't be emulsified --> malabsoprtion of fat-
soluble vitamins
Nutritional Care for ileal resection - (ANSWER)limit fat - use MCT oil (because it
doesn't need bile salts for digestion)
Parental B₁₂ initially followed by monthly injections
What are the 4 liver enzymes and what is indicated if they are elevated? -
(ANSWER)ALP - Alkaline phosphatase
LDH - lactic acid dehydrogenase
AST - aspartate aminotransferase
ALT - alanine aminotransferase
Elevated liver enzymes indicates tissue damage
Nutrition care for hepititis - (ANSWER)Small, frequent feedings 2' anorexia
High protein can help prevent fatty liver
, Describe how ascites occurs w/ liver disease - (ANSWER)Connective tissue
overgrowth blocks blood flow out of liver in to vena cava
Fluid/blood builds up in liver, eventually leaking into peritoneal cavity
High osmolar load pulls more fluid, leading to sodium & water retention
What causes esophageal varicies? - (ANSWER)Portal htn
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome - (ANSWER)confusion/ams 2' thamine deficiency -
typically seen in alcoholic cirrhosis
Typical treatments for ESLD - (ANSWER)supplementing BCAAs - may not have
benefit
Lactulose - removes N
Neomycin - destroys bacteria that produce ammonia
Diet rx for HTN - (ANSWER)low sodium ( ≤ 2400 mg), DASH diet
Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) - (ANSWER)AHA Diet for Hyperlipidimia
-35% of kcals from fat (<7% saturated, 10% PUFA, 20% MUFA, <200 mg
cholesterol)
-25 to 30 g fiber (half soluble)
