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EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE VTNE NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS
Which of the following is least useful when resuscitating a dog in shock?
A. D5W
B. Hetastarch
C. Hypertonic saline
D. Plasma-Lyte 48 - (answer) D5W
The first drug of choice for a cat that experiences status epilepticus is:
A. Diazepam
B. Pentobarbital
C. Potassium bromide
D. Propofol - (answer) Diazepam
Tension pneumothorax occurs when pressure in the thoracic cavity is:
A. Less than atmospheric pressure
B. Equal to atmospheric pressure
C. Greater than atmospheric pressure
D. Constant as animal breathes in and out - (answer) Greater than atmospheric pressure
Emesis should not be induced in patients that have ingested:
A. Anticholinergics
B. Hydrocarbons
C. Organophosphates
D. Salicylates - (answer) Hydrocarbons
The mucous membranes of a dog in septic shock are:
A. Cyanotic
B. Hyperemic
C. Icteric
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EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE VTNE NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS
D. Pale - (answer) Hyperemic
The most desirable induction agent for an emergency cesarean section in a dog is:
A. Etomidate
B. Diazepam
C. Propofol
D. Thiopental - (answer) Propofol
The underlying disease for most cases of feline aortic thromboembolism is ___ in origin.
A. Cardiac
B. Hepatic
C. Renal
D. Respiratory - (answer) Cardiac
To reduce intracranial pressure that results from trauma, _____ may be administered every 4 to 8 hours.
A. Atropine
B. Dexamethasone
C. Diazepam
D. Mannitol - (answer) Mannitol
Four patients present at the same time with emergency conditions. In what order should the patients be
triaged?
A. Dyspnea, dystocia, proptosis, laceration
B. Proptosis, dyspnea, dystocia, laceration
C. Laceration, dystocia, dyspnea, proptosis
D. Dystocia, proptosis, laceration, dyspnea - (answer) Dyspnea, dystocia, proptosis, laceration
Which of the following conditions heals best through first intention?
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EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE VTNE NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS
A. Abscess
B. Degloving
C. Simple laceration
D. Puncture wound - (answer) Simple laceration
A patient is experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. The most desirable route of drug administration is:
A. Intratracheal
B. Intracardiac
C. Intravenous
D. Intraosseous - (answer) Intravenous
A patient that has been hit by a car and has no palpable pulse or detectable heartbeat requires chest
compressions. These compressions should be performed at a rate (per minute) of:
A. 60-80 compressions per minute
B. 80-100 compressions per minute
C. 100-120 compressions per minute
D. 120-140 compressions per minute - (answer) 100-120 compressions per minute
To minimize hemorrhage to the head of a canine trauma patient, where should pressure be applied?
A. At the thoracic inlet in both jugular grooves
B. At the thoracic inlet of the left jugular groove
C. To the area adjacent and central to the mandible
D. To the lateral points of the temporomandibular joint - (answer) To the area adjacent and ventral to
the mandible
In emergency care cases in which it is not possible to administer large volumes of desired fluids, it may
be beneficial to properly administer:
A. D5W
B. Hypertonic saline
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EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE VTNE NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS
C. Hypotonic saline
D. Isotonic saline - (answer) Hypertonic saline
During emergency intubation, cranial nerve ___ may be stimulated, resulting in ______.
A. I; bradycardia
B. IV; tachycardia
C. X; bradycardia
D. XII; tachycardia - (answer) X; bradycardia
- (answer) Tie the mouth securely closed with your shoelace
A normal central venous pressure (CVP) range is:
A. 0-5 cm H2O
B. 5-10 cm H2O
C. 10-15 cm H2O
D. 15-20 cm H2O - (answer) 0-5 cm H2O
When monitoring patients on fluids and/or patients that undergo diuresis, urine output is an important
consideration. The normal urine production for a healthy dog or cat is approximately:
A. 0-1 mL/kg/hr
B. 1-2 mL/kg/hr
C. 2-3 mL/kg/hr
D. 3-4 mL/kg/hr - (answer) 1-2 mL/kg/hr
Multiple parameters are measured to determine a category of shock that an animal might be
experiencing. The central venous pressure is high in which of the following types of shock?
A. Cardiogenic
B. Distributive
C. Hypovolemic
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EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE VTNE NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS
Which of the following is least useful when resuscitating a dog in shock?
A. D5W
B. Hetastarch
C. Hypertonic saline
D. Plasma-Lyte 48 - (answer) D5W
The first drug of choice for a cat that experiences status epilepticus is:
A. Diazepam
B. Pentobarbital
C. Potassium bromide
D. Propofol - (answer) Diazepam
Tension pneumothorax occurs when pressure in the thoracic cavity is:
A. Less than atmospheric pressure
B. Equal to atmospheric pressure
C. Greater than atmospheric pressure
D. Constant as animal breathes in and out - (answer) Greater than atmospheric pressure
Emesis should not be induced in patients that have ingested:
A. Anticholinergics
B. Hydrocarbons
C. Organophosphates
D. Salicylates - (answer) Hydrocarbons
The mucous membranes of a dog in septic shock are:
A. Cyanotic
B. Hyperemic
C. Icteric
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EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE VTNE NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS
D. Pale - (answer) Hyperemic
The most desirable induction agent for an emergency cesarean section in a dog is:
A. Etomidate
B. Diazepam
C. Propofol
D. Thiopental - (answer) Propofol
The underlying disease for most cases of feline aortic thromboembolism is ___ in origin.
A. Cardiac
B. Hepatic
C. Renal
D. Respiratory - (answer) Cardiac
To reduce intracranial pressure that results from trauma, _____ may be administered every 4 to 8 hours.
A. Atropine
B. Dexamethasone
C. Diazepam
D. Mannitol - (answer) Mannitol
Four patients present at the same time with emergency conditions. In what order should the patients be
triaged?
A. Dyspnea, dystocia, proptosis, laceration
B. Proptosis, dyspnea, dystocia, laceration
C. Laceration, dystocia, dyspnea, proptosis
D. Dystocia, proptosis, laceration, dyspnea - (answer) Dyspnea, dystocia, proptosis, laceration
Which of the following conditions heals best through first intention?
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EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE VTNE NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS
A. Abscess
B. Degloving
C. Simple laceration
D. Puncture wound - (answer) Simple laceration
A patient is experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. The most desirable route of drug administration is:
A. Intratracheal
B. Intracardiac
C. Intravenous
D. Intraosseous - (answer) Intravenous
A patient that has been hit by a car and has no palpable pulse or detectable heartbeat requires chest
compressions. These compressions should be performed at a rate (per minute) of:
A. 60-80 compressions per minute
B. 80-100 compressions per minute
C. 100-120 compressions per minute
D. 120-140 compressions per minute - (answer) 100-120 compressions per minute
To minimize hemorrhage to the head of a canine trauma patient, where should pressure be applied?
A. At the thoracic inlet in both jugular grooves
B. At the thoracic inlet of the left jugular groove
C. To the area adjacent and central to the mandible
D. To the lateral points of the temporomandibular joint - (answer) To the area adjacent and ventral to
the mandible
In emergency care cases in which it is not possible to administer large volumes of desired fluids, it may
be beneficial to properly administer:
A. D5W
B. Hypertonic saline
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EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE VTNE NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS
C. Hypotonic saline
D. Isotonic saline - (answer) Hypertonic saline
During emergency intubation, cranial nerve ___ may be stimulated, resulting in ______.
A. I; bradycardia
B. IV; tachycardia
C. X; bradycardia
D. XII; tachycardia - (answer) X; bradycardia
- (answer) Tie the mouth securely closed with your shoelace
A normal central venous pressure (CVP) range is:
A. 0-5 cm H2O
B. 5-10 cm H2O
C. 10-15 cm H2O
D. 15-20 cm H2O - (answer) 0-5 cm H2O
When monitoring patients on fluids and/or patients that undergo diuresis, urine output is an important
consideration. The normal urine production for a healthy dog or cat is approximately:
A. 0-1 mL/kg/hr
B. 1-2 mL/kg/hr
C. 2-3 mL/kg/hr
D. 3-4 mL/kg/hr - (answer) 1-2 mL/kg/hr
Multiple parameters are measured to determine a category of shock that an animal might be
experiencing. The central venous pressure is high in which of the following types of shock?
A. Cardiogenic
B. Distributive
C. Hypovolemic
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