EXAM 5: ONCOLOGY (NCLEX) ACTUAL COMPLETE EXAM
|WITH ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|GRADED A
A client diagnosed with widespread lung cancer asks the nurse why he
must be careful to avoid crowds and people who are ill. What is the
nurse's best response?
A. "With lung cancer, you are more likely to develop pneumonia and
could pass this on to other people who are already ill."
B. "When lung cancer is in the bones, it becomes a bone marrow
malignancy, which stops producing immune system cells."
C. "The large amount of mucus produced by the cancer cells is a good
breeding ground for bacteria and other microorganisms."
D. "When lung cancer is in the bones, it can prevent production of
immune system cells, making you less resistant to infection." Ans✓✓✓
D
Tumor cells that enter the bone marrow reduce the production of healthy
white blood cells (WBCs), which are needed for normal immune
function. Therefore clients who have cancer, especially leukemia, are at
an increased risk for infection. Other people are not at risk for becoming
infected as a result of contact with a person who has lung cancer. Lung
cancer that has spread to the bone is still lung cancer; it is not a bone
marrow malignancy. It is true that the person with lung cancer may
produce more mucus, which can harbor microorganisms, but this is not
the main reason why the client should avoid crowds and people who are
ill.
,Which precaution is most important for the nurse to teach a client
receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
A. Avoid eating red meat during treatment.
B. Pace your leisure activities to prevent fatigue.
C. See your dentist twice yearly for the rest of your life.
D. Avoid using headphones or headsets until your hair grows back.
Ans✓✓✓ C
Radiation therapy that is directed in or around the oral cavity has a
variety of actions that increase the risk for dental caries (cavities) and
tooth decay. The salivary glands are affected, which changes the
composition of the person's saliva and often causes "dry mouth." This
result allows rapid bacterial overgrowth, which leads to cavity
formation. In addition, the radiation damages the integrity of the enamel
and also damages some of the living cells in the tooth. All contribute to
an increased risk for dental infections and cavities.
A client receiving high-dose chemotherapy who has bone marrow
suppression has been receiving daily injections of epoetin alfa (Procrit).
Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that today's dose should
be held and the health care provider notified?
A. Hematocrit of 28%
B. Total white blood cell count of 6200 cells/mm3
C. Blood pressure change from 130/90 mm Hg to 148/98 mm Hg
D. Temperature change from 99° F (37.2 C) to 100 F (37.8 C) Ans✓✓✓
C
,Epoetin alfa and other erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) such as
darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) and epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) increase
the production of many blood cell types, not just erythrocytes, which
increases the client's risk for hypertension, blood clots, strokes, and heart
attacks, especially among older adults. Dosing is based on individual
client hemoglobin and hematocrit levels to ensure that just enough red
blood cells are produced to avoid the need for transfusion but not to
bring hemoglobin or hematocrit levels up to normal. The increased
blood pressure is an indication to stop this therapy immediately.
Which action is most important for the nurse to implement to prevent
nausea and vomiting in a client who is prescribed to receive the first
round of IV chemotherapy?
A. Keep the client NPO during the time chemotherapy is infusing.
B. Administer antiemetic drugs before administering chemotherapy.
C. Ensure that the chemotherapy is infused over a 4- to 6-hour period.
D. Assess the client for manifestations of dehydration hourly during the
infusion period. Ans✓✓✓ B
When emetogenic chemotherapy drugs are prescribed, the client should
receive antiemetic drugs before the chemotherapy drugs are
administered. This allows time for prevention of chemotherapy-
associated nausea and vomiting; however, the antiemetic therapy cannot
stop until all risks for nausea and vomiting have passed. Clients become
nauseated and vomit even if they are NPO.
, The nurse is teaching the 47-year-old female client about recommended
screening practices for breast cancer. Which statement by the client
indicates understanding of the nurse's instructions?
A. "My mother and grandmother had breast cancer, so I am at risk."
B. "I get a mammography every 2 years since I turned 30."
C. "A clinical breast examination is performed every month since I
turned 40."
D. "A CT scan will be done every year after I turn 50." Ans✓✓✓ A
A strong family history of breast cancer indicates a risk for breast
cancer. Annual screening may be indicated for a strong family history.
The client may perform a self-breast examination monthly; a clinical
examination by a health care provider is indicated annually. An annual
mammography is performed after age 40 or in younger clients with a
strong family history.
The nurse is giving a group presentation on cancer prevention and
recognition. Which statement by an older adult client indicates
understanding of the nurse's instructions?
A. "Cigarette smoking always causes lung cancer."
B. "Taking multivitamins will prevent me from developing cancer."
C. "If I have only one shot of whiskey a day, I probably will not develop
cancer."
D. "I need to report the pain going down my legs to my health care
provider." Ans✓✓✓ D
|WITH ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|GRADED A
A client diagnosed with widespread lung cancer asks the nurse why he
must be careful to avoid crowds and people who are ill. What is the
nurse's best response?
A. "With lung cancer, you are more likely to develop pneumonia and
could pass this on to other people who are already ill."
B. "When lung cancer is in the bones, it becomes a bone marrow
malignancy, which stops producing immune system cells."
C. "The large amount of mucus produced by the cancer cells is a good
breeding ground for bacteria and other microorganisms."
D. "When lung cancer is in the bones, it can prevent production of
immune system cells, making you less resistant to infection." Ans✓✓✓
D
Tumor cells that enter the bone marrow reduce the production of healthy
white blood cells (WBCs), which are needed for normal immune
function. Therefore clients who have cancer, especially leukemia, are at
an increased risk for infection. Other people are not at risk for becoming
infected as a result of contact with a person who has lung cancer. Lung
cancer that has spread to the bone is still lung cancer; it is not a bone
marrow malignancy. It is true that the person with lung cancer may
produce more mucus, which can harbor microorganisms, but this is not
the main reason why the client should avoid crowds and people who are
ill.
,Which precaution is most important for the nurse to teach a client
receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
A. Avoid eating red meat during treatment.
B. Pace your leisure activities to prevent fatigue.
C. See your dentist twice yearly for the rest of your life.
D. Avoid using headphones or headsets until your hair grows back.
Ans✓✓✓ C
Radiation therapy that is directed in or around the oral cavity has a
variety of actions that increase the risk for dental caries (cavities) and
tooth decay. The salivary glands are affected, which changes the
composition of the person's saliva and often causes "dry mouth." This
result allows rapid bacterial overgrowth, which leads to cavity
formation. In addition, the radiation damages the integrity of the enamel
and also damages some of the living cells in the tooth. All contribute to
an increased risk for dental infections and cavities.
A client receiving high-dose chemotherapy who has bone marrow
suppression has been receiving daily injections of epoetin alfa (Procrit).
Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that today's dose should
be held and the health care provider notified?
A. Hematocrit of 28%
B. Total white blood cell count of 6200 cells/mm3
C. Blood pressure change from 130/90 mm Hg to 148/98 mm Hg
D. Temperature change from 99° F (37.2 C) to 100 F (37.8 C) Ans✓✓✓
C
,Epoetin alfa and other erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) such as
darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) and epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) increase
the production of many blood cell types, not just erythrocytes, which
increases the client's risk for hypertension, blood clots, strokes, and heart
attacks, especially among older adults. Dosing is based on individual
client hemoglobin and hematocrit levels to ensure that just enough red
blood cells are produced to avoid the need for transfusion but not to
bring hemoglobin or hematocrit levels up to normal. The increased
blood pressure is an indication to stop this therapy immediately.
Which action is most important for the nurse to implement to prevent
nausea and vomiting in a client who is prescribed to receive the first
round of IV chemotherapy?
A. Keep the client NPO during the time chemotherapy is infusing.
B. Administer antiemetic drugs before administering chemotherapy.
C. Ensure that the chemotherapy is infused over a 4- to 6-hour period.
D. Assess the client for manifestations of dehydration hourly during the
infusion period. Ans✓✓✓ B
When emetogenic chemotherapy drugs are prescribed, the client should
receive antiemetic drugs before the chemotherapy drugs are
administered. This allows time for prevention of chemotherapy-
associated nausea and vomiting; however, the antiemetic therapy cannot
stop until all risks for nausea and vomiting have passed. Clients become
nauseated and vomit even if they are NPO.
, The nurse is teaching the 47-year-old female client about recommended
screening practices for breast cancer. Which statement by the client
indicates understanding of the nurse's instructions?
A. "My mother and grandmother had breast cancer, so I am at risk."
B. "I get a mammography every 2 years since I turned 30."
C. "A clinical breast examination is performed every month since I
turned 40."
D. "A CT scan will be done every year after I turn 50." Ans✓✓✓ A
A strong family history of breast cancer indicates a risk for breast
cancer. Annual screening may be indicated for a strong family history.
The client may perform a self-breast examination monthly; a clinical
examination by a health care provider is indicated annually. An annual
mammography is performed after age 40 or in younger clients with a
strong family history.
The nurse is giving a group presentation on cancer prevention and
recognition. Which statement by an older adult client indicates
understanding of the nurse's instructions?
A. "Cigarette smoking always causes lung cancer."
B. "Taking multivitamins will prevent me from developing cancer."
C. "If I have only one shot of whiskey a day, I probably will not develop
cancer."
D. "I need to report the pain going down my legs to my health care
provider." Ans✓✓✓ D
