Dat Biology Questions
1. What are the seven components of the modern day cell theory?: 1. All
known living things are made up of one or more cells
2. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
3. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
4. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells.
5. Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.
6. Cells contain DNA which is found specifically in the chromosome and RNA
found in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm.
7. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar
species
2. A scientist wants to detach a peripheral membrane protein from the exterior
of a cell membrane. Which is the best method to do so?
A. change salt concentrations
B. Perform a light centrifuge
C. Add a detergent
D. Change the temperature of a solution
E. Run a small current through the solution: A. change salt concentrations
Peripheral membrane proteins are held in place by electrostatic interactions and
hydrogen bonding. They are generally hydrophilic. Changing the salt
concentration (a "salt wash") or the pH would disrupt both of these types of bonds
and release the peripheral membrane protein from the cell membrane. A light
centrifuge will precipitate cells and nuclei at most, only heavy centrifuges extract
small soluble proteins.
3. All of the following were observed by Miller-Urey in their classic experiment
to check the hypothesis of the "chemical origins of life" EXCEPT for one.
Which one is the EXCEPTION?
, Dat Biology Questions
A. Methane
B. Amino acids
C. Ammonia
D. Organic compounds
E. Nucleic acids: Nucleic acids
4. What was the Miller-Urey experiment: The Miller-Urey experiment used
ammonia, methane, water and hydrogen sealed in a sterile arrangement of tubes
and flasks with connecting loops. One flask was half-filled with liquid water and the
other with 2 electrodes (to simulate lighting in early earth). The flask with water was
heated to simulate the temperature of early Earth, and sparks were fired from the
electrodes to simulate lightning. After 2 weeks, they observed several organic
compounds, amino acids (11 out of 20) and their base starting materials. However,
no complete nucleic acids were observed.
5. A toxin is released into the body that promotes the degeneration of
microfilaments. Which of these structures is most likely to be directly
affected?
A. spindle fibers radiating from centrioles
B. Lyosomes
C. The extracellular matrix
D. Chromosomes
E. Muscles cells: E. muscle cells
Our muscles are made of long chains of cytoskeleton comprised of two filaments -
actin and myosin. Of these, actin is a microfilament, while myosin is a motor
protein.
If actin degenerates, then our muscles would not contract, thus, our answer is E.
The spindle fibers radiating from the centrioles are microtubules. A lysosome is an
organelle that is involved in phagocytosis. The extracellular matrix consists of
protein fibers and glycosaminoglycans. Chromosomes are made of nucleic acids
6. What are Pilli: Pili are small short "hairs" called fimbriae on the surface of
bacteria that can be used in the exchange of genetic material between bacteria
and in cell adhesion.
7. Glycosis is best described as what type of process?
1. What are the seven components of the modern day cell theory?: 1. All
known living things are made up of one or more cells
2. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
3. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
4. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells.
5. Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.
6. Cells contain DNA which is found specifically in the chromosome and RNA
found in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm.
7. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar
species
2. A scientist wants to detach a peripheral membrane protein from the exterior
of a cell membrane. Which is the best method to do so?
A. change salt concentrations
B. Perform a light centrifuge
C. Add a detergent
D. Change the temperature of a solution
E. Run a small current through the solution: A. change salt concentrations
Peripheral membrane proteins are held in place by electrostatic interactions and
hydrogen bonding. They are generally hydrophilic. Changing the salt
concentration (a "salt wash") or the pH would disrupt both of these types of bonds
and release the peripheral membrane protein from the cell membrane. A light
centrifuge will precipitate cells and nuclei at most, only heavy centrifuges extract
small soluble proteins.
3. All of the following were observed by Miller-Urey in their classic experiment
to check the hypothesis of the "chemical origins of life" EXCEPT for one.
Which one is the EXCEPTION?
, Dat Biology Questions
A. Methane
B. Amino acids
C. Ammonia
D. Organic compounds
E. Nucleic acids: Nucleic acids
4. What was the Miller-Urey experiment: The Miller-Urey experiment used
ammonia, methane, water and hydrogen sealed in a sterile arrangement of tubes
and flasks with connecting loops. One flask was half-filled with liquid water and the
other with 2 electrodes (to simulate lighting in early earth). The flask with water was
heated to simulate the temperature of early Earth, and sparks were fired from the
electrodes to simulate lightning. After 2 weeks, they observed several organic
compounds, amino acids (11 out of 20) and their base starting materials. However,
no complete nucleic acids were observed.
5. A toxin is released into the body that promotes the degeneration of
microfilaments. Which of these structures is most likely to be directly
affected?
A. spindle fibers radiating from centrioles
B. Lyosomes
C. The extracellular matrix
D. Chromosomes
E. Muscles cells: E. muscle cells
Our muscles are made of long chains of cytoskeleton comprised of two filaments -
actin and myosin. Of these, actin is a microfilament, while myosin is a motor
protein.
If actin degenerates, then our muscles would not contract, thus, our answer is E.
The spindle fibers radiating from the centrioles are microtubules. A lysosome is an
organelle that is involved in phagocytosis. The extracellular matrix consists of
protein fibers and glycosaminoglycans. Chromosomes are made of nucleic acids
6. What are Pilli: Pili are small short "hairs" called fimbriae on the surface of
bacteria that can be used in the exchange of genetic material between bacteria
and in cell adhesion.
7. Glycosis is best described as what type of process?
