8/9/25, 12:02 AM Campbell Biology - 11th Edition :Campbell Biology 11th Edition Urry Test Bank Exam COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | …
Campbell Biology - 11th Edition :Campbell Biology 11th
Edition Urry Test Bank Exam COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | ALREADY PASSED | 2025 LATEST!
An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that
ATP (adenosine
releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are
triphosphate) (a-den′-ō-
hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic
sēn trī-fos′-fāt)
reactions in cells.
A complex of several membrane proteins that functions in
chemiosmosis with
ATP synthase adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a
hydrogen ion (proton) concentration gradient to make
ATP. ATP synthases are found in the inner
mitochondrial membranes of eukaryotic cells and in the
plasma membranes of prokaryotes.
A peptide hormone secreted by cells of the atria of the
atrial natriuretic peptide
heart in response to high blood pressure. ANP's
(ANP) (ā′-trē-ul na′-trē-
effects on the kidney alter ion and water movement
yū-ret′-ik)
and reduce blood pressure.
A region of specialized heart muscle tissue between the
atrioventricular (AV) node left and right atria where electrical impulses are
delayed for about 0.1 second before spreading to
both
ventricles and causing them to contract.
A heart valve located between each atrium and ventricle
atrioventricular (AV) valve
that prevents a backflow of blood when the ventricle
contracts.
A chamber of the vertebrate heart that receives blood
atrium (ā′-trē-um) (plural,
atria) from the veins and transfers blood to a ventricle.
autocrine Referring to a secreted molecule that acts on the cell that
secreted it.
autoimmune disease An immunological disorder in which the immune system turns
against self.
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,8/9/25, 12:02 AM Campbell Biology - 11th Edition :Campbell Biology 11th Edition Urry Test Bank Exam COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | …
An efferent branch of the vertebrate peripheral nervous
autonomic nervous system system that regulates the internal environment;
(ot′-ō-nom′-ik)
consists of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and
enteric divisions.
An individual that has more than two chromosome sets
autopolyploid (ot′-ō-pol′-ē-
ployd) that are all derived from a single species.
A chromosome that is not directly involved in
autosome (ot′-ō-sōm)
determining sex; not a sex chromosome.
An organism that obtains organic food molecules
without eating other organisms or substances derived
autotroph (ot′-ō-trōf)
from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the
sun or
from oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic
molecules from inorganic ones.
A term that primarily refers to indoleacetic acid (IAA), a
auxin (ôk′-sin) natural plant hormone that has a variety of effects,
including cell elongation, root formation, secondary
growth, and fruit growth.
A structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot,
axillary bud (ak′-sil-ār-ē)
or branch. The bud appears in the angle formed
between a leaf and a stem.
A typically long extension, or process, of a neuron that
axon (ak′-son)
carries nerve impulses away from the cell body
toward target cells.
The lymphocytes that complete their development in
B cells
the bone marrow and become effector cells for the
humoral immune response.
Bacteria One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea.
bacteriophage (bak-tēr′-ē-ō- A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage.
fāj)
A form of the bacterium Rhizobium contained within the
bacteroid
vesicles formed by the root cells of a root nodule.
balancing selection Natural selection that maintains two or more phenotypic forms in
a population.
A graph in which the independent variable represents
bar graph
groups or nonnumerical categories and the values of
the dependent variable(s) are shown by bars.
2/15
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,8/9/25, 12:02 AM Campbell Biology - 11th Edition :Campbell Biology 11th Edition Urry Test Bank Exam COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | …
All tissues external to the vascular cambium, consisting
bark
mainly of the secondary phloem and layers of
periderm.
A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear
Barr body
envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a
highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.
A member of one of three clades of early-diverging
basal angiosperm
lineages of extant flowering plants. Examples are
Amborella, water lilies, and star anise and its relatives.
A eukaryotic cell structure consisting of a "9+0"
basal body (bā′-sul) arrangement of microtubule triplets. The basal body
may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or
flagellum and is structurally very similar to a
centriole.
The metabolic rate of a resting, fasting, and
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
nonstressed endotherm at a comfortable
temperature.
In a specified group of organisms, a taxon whose
basal taxon
evolutionary lineage diverged early in the history of
the group.
base A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution.
basidiocarp Elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus.
A member of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota,
basidiomycete (buh-sid′-ē-ō-
mī′-sēt) commonly called club fungus. The name comes from
the club-like shape of the basidium.
basidium (plural, basidia) A reproductive appendage that produces sexual spores
(buh-sid′-ē-um, buh-sid′- on the gills of mushrooms (club fungi).
ē-ah)
A type of mimicry in which a harmless species
Batesian mimicry (bāt′-zē-un
mim′-uh-krē) resembles an unpalatable or harmful species to which
it is not closely related.
Individually, an action carried out by muscles or glands
behavior under control of the nervous system in response to a
stimulus; collectively, the sum of an animal's responses
to external and internal stimuli.
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9
, 8/9/25, 12:02 AM Campbell Biology - 11th Edition :Campbell Biology 11th Edition Urry Test Bank Exam COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | …
behavioral ecology The study of the evolution of and ecological basis for animal
behavior.
A mass of abnormal cells with specific genetic and cellular
benign tumor changes such that the
cells are not capable of surviving at a new site and
generally remain at the site of the tumor's origin.
benthic zone The bottom surface of an aquatic environment.
benthos (ben′-thōz) The communities of organisms living in the benthic zone of an
aquatic biome.
One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the
polypeptide chain
beta (β) pleated sheet folds back and forth. Two regions of the chain lie
parallel to each other and are held together by
hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide
backbone (not the side chains).
A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to
beta oxidation
two-carbon fragments that enter the citric acid cycle
as acetyl CoA.
A maternal effect gene that codes for a protein
bicoid
responsible for specifying the anterior end in
Drosophila melanogaster.
Body symmetry in which a central longitudinal plane
bilateral symmetry
divides the body into two equal but opposite halves.
bilaterian (bī′-luh-ter′-ē-uhn) A member of a clade of animals with bilateral symmetry and
three germ layers.
A mixture of substances that is produced in the liver
bile and stored in the gallbladder; enables formation of fat
droplets in water as an aid in the digestion and
absorption of fats.
A method of asexual reproduction in single-celled
organisms in which the cell grows to roughly double its
binary fission
size and then divides into two cells. In prokaryotes,
binary fission does not involve mitosis, but in single-
celled eukaryotes that undergo binary fission, mitosis
is part of the process.
A common term for the two-part, latinized format for
binomial
naming a species, consisting of the genus and specific
epithet; also called a binomen.
4/15
9
Campbell Biology - 11th Edition :Campbell Biology 11th
Edition Urry Test Bank Exam COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | ALREADY PASSED | 2025 LATEST!
An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that
ATP (adenosine
releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are
triphosphate) (a-den′-ō-
hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic
sēn trī-fos′-fāt)
reactions in cells.
A complex of several membrane proteins that functions in
chemiosmosis with
ATP synthase adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a
hydrogen ion (proton) concentration gradient to make
ATP. ATP synthases are found in the inner
mitochondrial membranes of eukaryotic cells and in the
plasma membranes of prokaryotes.
A peptide hormone secreted by cells of the atria of the
atrial natriuretic peptide
heart in response to high blood pressure. ANP's
(ANP) (ā′-trē-ul na′-trē-
effects on the kidney alter ion and water movement
yū-ret′-ik)
and reduce blood pressure.
A region of specialized heart muscle tissue between the
atrioventricular (AV) node left and right atria where electrical impulses are
delayed for about 0.1 second before spreading to
both
ventricles and causing them to contract.
A heart valve located between each atrium and ventricle
atrioventricular (AV) valve
that prevents a backflow of blood when the ventricle
contracts.
A chamber of the vertebrate heart that receives blood
atrium (ā′-trē-um) (plural,
atria) from the veins and transfers blood to a ventricle.
autocrine Referring to a secreted molecule that acts on the cell that
secreted it.
autoimmune disease An immunological disorder in which the immune system turns
against self.
1/15
9
,8/9/25, 12:02 AM Campbell Biology - 11th Edition :Campbell Biology 11th Edition Urry Test Bank Exam COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | …
An efferent branch of the vertebrate peripheral nervous
autonomic nervous system system that regulates the internal environment;
(ot′-ō-nom′-ik)
consists of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and
enteric divisions.
An individual that has more than two chromosome sets
autopolyploid (ot′-ō-pol′-ē-
ployd) that are all derived from a single species.
A chromosome that is not directly involved in
autosome (ot′-ō-sōm)
determining sex; not a sex chromosome.
An organism that obtains organic food molecules
without eating other organisms or substances derived
autotroph (ot′-ō-trōf)
from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the
sun or
from oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic
molecules from inorganic ones.
A term that primarily refers to indoleacetic acid (IAA), a
auxin (ôk′-sin) natural plant hormone that has a variety of effects,
including cell elongation, root formation, secondary
growth, and fruit growth.
A structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot,
axillary bud (ak′-sil-ār-ē)
or branch. The bud appears in the angle formed
between a leaf and a stem.
A typically long extension, or process, of a neuron that
axon (ak′-son)
carries nerve impulses away from the cell body
toward target cells.
The lymphocytes that complete their development in
B cells
the bone marrow and become effector cells for the
humoral immune response.
Bacteria One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea.
bacteriophage (bak-tēr′-ē-ō- A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage.
fāj)
A form of the bacterium Rhizobium contained within the
bacteroid
vesicles formed by the root cells of a root nodule.
balancing selection Natural selection that maintains two or more phenotypic forms in
a population.
A graph in which the independent variable represents
bar graph
groups or nonnumerical categories and the values of
the dependent variable(s) are shown by bars.
2/15
9
,8/9/25, 12:02 AM Campbell Biology - 11th Edition :Campbell Biology 11th Edition Urry Test Bank Exam COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | …
All tissues external to the vascular cambium, consisting
bark
mainly of the secondary phloem and layers of
periderm.
A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear
Barr body
envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a
highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.
A member of one of three clades of early-diverging
basal angiosperm
lineages of extant flowering plants. Examples are
Amborella, water lilies, and star anise and its relatives.
A eukaryotic cell structure consisting of a "9+0"
basal body (bā′-sul) arrangement of microtubule triplets. The basal body
may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or
flagellum and is structurally very similar to a
centriole.
The metabolic rate of a resting, fasting, and
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
nonstressed endotherm at a comfortable
temperature.
In a specified group of organisms, a taxon whose
basal taxon
evolutionary lineage diverged early in the history of
the group.
base A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution.
basidiocarp Elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus.
A member of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota,
basidiomycete (buh-sid′-ē-ō-
mī′-sēt) commonly called club fungus. The name comes from
the club-like shape of the basidium.
basidium (plural, basidia) A reproductive appendage that produces sexual spores
(buh-sid′-ē-um, buh-sid′- on the gills of mushrooms (club fungi).
ē-ah)
A type of mimicry in which a harmless species
Batesian mimicry (bāt′-zē-un
mim′-uh-krē) resembles an unpalatable or harmful species to which
it is not closely related.
Individually, an action carried out by muscles or glands
behavior under control of the nervous system in response to a
stimulus; collectively, the sum of an animal's responses
to external and internal stimuli.
3/15
9
, 8/9/25, 12:02 AM Campbell Biology - 11th Edition :Campbell Biology 11th Edition Urry Test Bank Exam COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | …
behavioral ecology The study of the evolution of and ecological basis for animal
behavior.
A mass of abnormal cells with specific genetic and cellular
benign tumor changes such that the
cells are not capable of surviving at a new site and
generally remain at the site of the tumor's origin.
benthic zone The bottom surface of an aquatic environment.
benthos (ben′-thōz) The communities of organisms living in the benthic zone of an
aquatic biome.
One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the
polypeptide chain
beta (β) pleated sheet folds back and forth. Two regions of the chain lie
parallel to each other and are held together by
hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide
backbone (not the side chains).
A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to
beta oxidation
two-carbon fragments that enter the citric acid cycle
as acetyl CoA.
A maternal effect gene that codes for a protein
bicoid
responsible for specifying the anterior end in
Drosophila melanogaster.
Body symmetry in which a central longitudinal plane
bilateral symmetry
divides the body into two equal but opposite halves.
bilaterian (bī′-luh-ter′-ē-uhn) A member of a clade of animals with bilateral symmetry and
three germ layers.
A mixture of substances that is produced in the liver
bile and stored in the gallbladder; enables formation of fat
droplets in water as an aid in the digestion and
absorption of fats.
A method of asexual reproduction in single-celled
organisms in which the cell grows to roughly double its
binary fission
size and then divides into two cells. In prokaryotes,
binary fission does not involve mitosis, but in single-
celled eukaryotes that undergo binary fission, mitosis
is part of the process.
A common term for the two-part, latinized format for
binomial
naming a species, consisting of the genus and specific
epithet; also called a binomen.
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