Merrill's Atlas of Radiographic Positioning & Procedures Vol. 1,
Chapter 1
Radiographer - correct answer A radiologic technologist who administers ionizing radiation to
perform radiographic procedures. They produce radiographic procedures at the request of a
physician.
Radiologic technology - correct answer a health care profession that includes all diagnostic
imaging technologists and radiation therapists.
Radiographers must evaluate an image for _______ quality, _______, and _________ relative
to the diagnosis or the reason for the procedure. - correct answer technical, accuracy,
appropriateness
ALARA - correct answer As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Patient care responsibilities of the radiographer include: - correct answer communication,
assessment, monitoring, and support.
To ensure patient safety and quality of care, each radiographer must adhere to the ______ and
_______ code of the profession. - correct answer moral, ethical
Revised and adopted the radiologic current code of ethics - correct answer The American
Society of Radiologic Technologists and the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
The ASRT Code of Ethics - correct answer 1. The RT conducts themself in a professional manner,
responds to patient needs, and supports team members in providing quality patient care.
2. The RT provides services to humanity with full respect for the dignity of humankind.
3. The RT delivers care without any discrimination.
4. The RT practices technology with knowledge, uses equipment appropriately, and employs
procedures and techniques appropriately.
5. The RT assesses situations and acts in the best interest of the patient.
6. The RT acts to obtain pertinent information (through observation and communication)
regarding the patient that will assist the physician in treating the patient, but knows that
interpretation and diagnosis are outside the scope of the profession.
7. The RT performs many tasks, including an expertise in minimizing the radiation exposure to
the patients, co-workers, and themselves.
8. The RT practices ethical conduct appropriate to the profession and protects the patient's
right to quality care.
,9. The RT respects the patient's right to privacy and only reveals confidential information when
required by law or to protect the welfare of the patient or the community.
10. The RT continues to further knowledge.
Image Receptor - correct answer the device that receives the energy of the x-ray beam and
forms the image of the body part.
Cassette with film - correct answer a device that contains special intensifying screens that emit
light when struck by x-rays and imprint the x-ray image on film.
Photostimulable storage phosphor image plate - correct answer a device, used for computed
radiography, the IP stores much of the x-ray energy for later processing. After exposure, the
cassette is inserted into a CR reader device, which scans the IP and releases the stored x-ray
energy pattern as light. The emitted light is converted into digital format.
Solid-state digital detectors (aka digital radiography) - correct answer a flat panel image
receptor that converts x-ray energy into a digital signal. The digital signal converter may be a
thin-film transistor array or a charge-coupled device. The portable solid-state detectors may be
"tethered" directly to the digital imaging system computer or may be connected wirelessly.
Fluoroscopic image receptor - correct answer "real-time" imaging; guide procedures or capture
full-motion video.
Radiograph - correct answer the image recorded by exposing any of the image receptors to x-
rays
The information that assists in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient - correct answer The
information obtained by performing the radiographic examination that generally shows a
presence (or absence) of abnormalities or trauma
Superimposition - correct answer The relationship of the anatomic superimposition to size,
shape, and angulation (in the way).
Adjacent structures - correct answer Each anatomic structure must be compared with adjacent
structures and reviewed to ensure that the structure is present and properly shown.
What are the two technical factors? - correct answer kVp and mAs
Optical density - correct answer The degree of blackening (overall) when associated with
radiographic film and as brightness when appearance on a digital display monitor is described.
The primary controlling factor is the milliampere-second (mAs).
Contrast - correct answer The different shade of gray on an x-ray/ the difference in the density
on any two areas on a radiograph (kVp).
Contrast resolution refers to - correct answer digital imaging systems.
,mAs= - correct answer mA*seconds
The exposure is directly related to the - correct answer mAs
Low contrast images display - correct answer many density levels.
High contrast images display - correct answer few density levels.
Bit depth - correct answer the number of brightness values possible for each pixel.
Spatial resolution - correct answer The ability to visualize small structures
Spatial resolution is controlled primarily by: - correct answer 1. IP phosphor
2. Flat panel detector DEL size
3. Geometry
4. Distance
5. Focal spot size
6. Motion
7. Film
8. Intensifying screen
Magnification - correct answer Anatomy appearing larger on a radiograph than its actual size.
T/F: Every radiograph has magnification. - correct answer TRUE
T/F: Any other structure but skin can be in contact with the IR. - correct answer FALSE
Object to image receptor distance - correct answer How far the body part is from the IR
Source to image receptor distance - correct answer How far the x-ray tube is from the IR
Magnification ___________ with increased OID and decreased SID. - correct answer Increases
Shape distortion - correct answer misrepresentation by unequal magnification of the actual
shape of the structure being examined
Anatomic position - correct answer The position of reference in which the patient stands facing
you, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward.
Radiographs are typically oriented on the display device so that the person looking at the image
sees the body part placed in ________________ - correct answer anatomical position
Hand, finger, and wrist radiographs are typically displayed with digits pointed to the
__________ - correct answer ceiling
, Foot and toe radiographs are viewed with the toes pointed to the - correct answer ceiling
When a physician is unable to see a patient, it is the _____________ duty to obtain the
necessary clinical history and observe any apparent abnormality that may affect the
radiographic result. - correct answer radiographer
T/F: RTs are allowed to diagnose patients if they have been waiting for the doctor for a long
time. - correct answer FALSE
_________ is the easiest and most convenient method of preventing the spread of
microorganisms. - correct answer Hand washing
Antiseptics - correct answer inhibit growth of bacteria but don't kill them
Germicides and disinfectants - correct answer chemical substances that kill pathogenic bacteria
Disinfection - correct answer The process of killing only microorganisms that are pathogenic.
3 ways to cleanse a colon - correct answer Limited diet
Enema
Laxatives
The 3 types of motion that can ruin and images quality - correct answer 1. Voluntary
2. Involuntary
3. Equipment
The 3 types of muscular tissue that affect motion - correct answer 1. Smooth (involuntary)
2. Cardiac (involuntary)
3. Striated (voluntary)
All radiographs must include the following information - correct answer 1. Date
2. Patient's name or ID number
3. Right or left marker
4. Institution ID
T/F: When doing an AP abdomen, it's ok for the marker to be in the marker to be in front of the
kidneys - correct answer FALSE: your marker should never obscure any anatomy of interest
T/F: The marker should never be placed over the patient's ID information - correct answer TRUE
T/F: The marker should always be placed on the edge of the collimation base. - correct answer
TRUE
Chapter 1
Radiographer - correct answer A radiologic technologist who administers ionizing radiation to
perform radiographic procedures. They produce radiographic procedures at the request of a
physician.
Radiologic technology - correct answer a health care profession that includes all diagnostic
imaging technologists and radiation therapists.
Radiographers must evaluate an image for _______ quality, _______, and _________ relative
to the diagnosis or the reason for the procedure. - correct answer technical, accuracy,
appropriateness
ALARA - correct answer As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Patient care responsibilities of the radiographer include: - correct answer communication,
assessment, monitoring, and support.
To ensure patient safety and quality of care, each radiographer must adhere to the ______ and
_______ code of the profession. - correct answer moral, ethical
Revised and adopted the radiologic current code of ethics - correct answer The American
Society of Radiologic Technologists and the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
The ASRT Code of Ethics - correct answer 1. The RT conducts themself in a professional manner,
responds to patient needs, and supports team members in providing quality patient care.
2. The RT provides services to humanity with full respect for the dignity of humankind.
3. The RT delivers care without any discrimination.
4. The RT practices technology with knowledge, uses equipment appropriately, and employs
procedures and techniques appropriately.
5. The RT assesses situations and acts in the best interest of the patient.
6. The RT acts to obtain pertinent information (through observation and communication)
regarding the patient that will assist the physician in treating the patient, but knows that
interpretation and diagnosis are outside the scope of the profession.
7. The RT performs many tasks, including an expertise in minimizing the radiation exposure to
the patients, co-workers, and themselves.
8. The RT practices ethical conduct appropriate to the profession and protects the patient's
right to quality care.
,9. The RT respects the patient's right to privacy and only reveals confidential information when
required by law or to protect the welfare of the patient or the community.
10. The RT continues to further knowledge.
Image Receptor - correct answer the device that receives the energy of the x-ray beam and
forms the image of the body part.
Cassette with film - correct answer a device that contains special intensifying screens that emit
light when struck by x-rays and imprint the x-ray image on film.
Photostimulable storage phosphor image plate - correct answer a device, used for computed
radiography, the IP stores much of the x-ray energy for later processing. After exposure, the
cassette is inserted into a CR reader device, which scans the IP and releases the stored x-ray
energy pattern as light. The emitted light is converted into digital format.
Solid-state digital detectors (aka digital radiography) - correct answer a flat panel image
receptor that converts x-ray energy into a digital signal. The digital signal converter may be a
thin-film transistor array or a charge-coupled device. The portable solid-state detectors may be
"tethered" directly to the digital imaging system computer or may be connected wirelessly.
Fluoroscopic image receptor - correct answer "real-time" imaging; guide procedures or capture
full-motion video.
Radiograph - correct answer the image recorded by exposing any of the image receptors to x-
rays
The information that assists in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient - correct answer The
information obtained by performing the radiographic examination that generally shows a
presence (or absence) of abnormalities or trauma
Superimposition - correct answer The relationship of the anatomic superimposition to size,
shape, and angulation (in the way).
Adjacent structures - correct answer Each anatomic structure must be compared with adjacent
structures and reviewed to ensure that the structure is present and properly shown.
What are the two technical factors? - correct answer kVp and mAs
Optical density - correct answer The degree of blackening (overall) when associated with
radiographic film and as brightness when appearance on a digital display monitor is described.
The primary controlling factor is the milliampere-second (mAs).
Contrast - correct answer The different shade of gray on an x-ray/ the difference in the density
on any two areas on a radiograph (kVp).
Contrast resolution refers to - correct answer digital imaging systems.
,mAs= - correct answer mA*seconds
The exposure is directly related to the - correct answer mAs
Low contrast images display - correct answer many density levels.
High contrast images display - correct answer few density levels.
Bit depth - correct answer the number of brightness values possible for each pixel.
Spatial resolution - correct answer The ability to visualize small structures
Spatial resolution is controlled primarily by: - correct answer 1. IP phosphor
2. Flat panel detector DEL size
3. Geometry
4. Distance
5. Focal spot size
6. Motion
7. Film
8. Intensifying screen
Magnification - correct answer Anatomy appearing larger on a radiograph than its actual size.
T/F: Every radiograph has magnification. - correct answer TRUE
T/F: Any other structure but skin can be in contact with the IR. - correct answer FALSE
Object to image receptor distance - correct answer How far the body part is from the IR
Source to image receptor distance - correct answer How far the x-ray tube is from the IR
Magnification ___________ with increased OID and decreased SID. - correct answer Increases
Shape distortion - correct answer misrepresentation by unequal magnification of the actual
shape of the structure being examined
Anatomic position - correct answer The position of reference in which the patient stands facing
you, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward.
Radiographs are typically oriented on the display device so that the person looking at the image
sees the body part placed in ________________ - correct answer anatomical position
Hand, finger, and wrist radiographs are typically displayed with digits pointed to the
__________ - correct answer ceiling
, Foot and toe radiographs are viewed with the toes pointed to the - correct answer ceiling
When a physician is unable to see a patient, it is the _____________ duty to obtain the
necessary clinical history and observe any apparent abnormality that may affect the
radiographic result. - correct answer radiographer
T/F: RTs are allowed to diagnose patients if they have been waiting for the doctor for a long
time. - correct answer FALSE
_________ is the easiest and most convenient method of preventing the spread of
microorganisms. - correct answer Hand washing
Antiseptics - correct answer inhibit growth of bacteria but don't kill them
Germicides and disinfectants - correct answer chemical substances that kill pathogenic bacteria
Disinfection - correct answer The process of killing only microorganisms that are pathogenic.
3 ways to cleanse a colon - correct answer Limited diet
Enema
Laxatives
The 3 types of motion that can ruin and images quality - correct answer 1. Voluntary
2. Involuntary
3. Equipment
The 3 types of muscular tissue that affect motion - correct answer 1. Smooth (involuntary)
2. Cardiac (involuntary)
3. Striated (voluntary)
All radiographs must include the following information - correct answer 1. Date
2. Patient's name or ID number
3. Right or left marker
4. Institution ID
T/F: When doing an AP abdomen, it's ok for the marker to be in the marker to be in front of the
kidneys - correct answer FALSE: your marker should never obscure any anatomy of interest
T/F: The marker should never be placed over the patient's ID information - correct answer TRUE
T/F: The marker should always be placed on the edge of the collimation base. - correct answer
TRUE
