Define accommodation and refraction. Identify eye structures that are responsible for each. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Accommodation: the contracting of the ciliary muscles and bulging of the
lens that allows the eyes to focus on something near
Refraction: the bending of light when it passes at an angle from one medium into another - the
cornea, lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor are responsible for refraction
Define active transport. - CORRECT ANSWER - Transport process that requires the
breakdown of ATP in order to utilize the released energy to move substances in or out of the
cell. Net movement is often from low concentration to high (against concentration gradient).
Define anatomy. - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of structure.
,Define atom. - CORRECT ANSWER - The basic unit of a chemical element
Define buffer. - CORRECT ANSWER - A substance that is added to a solution in order to
counteract an acid or base and maintain a stable pH
Define cell. - CORRECT ANSWER - The smallest unit of life
Define chondrocyte. - CORRECT ANSWER - Cartilage cell
Define circumduction, abduction, and adduction. - CORRECT ANSWER - Circumduction:
movement of a limb so that it draws a cone in space. Distal end moves in a circle while the
point of the cone is more or less stationary
Abduction: movement of a limb or body part away from the midline of the body
,Adduction: movement of a limb or body part toward the midline of the body
Define concentration gradient. - CORRECT ANSWER - A situation that occurs when the
concentration of a solute is higher in one area than in another
Define cytokinesis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Division of the cytoplasm of a cell
Define daughter cells. - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 daughter cells are the result of the division of
a parent cell
Define desmosome. - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell junction where cells are held together like
Velcro so they don't separate.
, Define element. - CORRECT ANSWER - A unique substance that cannot be broken down by
ordinary chemical methods
Define endocytosis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Active transport process that involves the
transport of substances inside the cell
Define enzyme. - CORRECT ANSWER - A globular protein that acts as a biological catalyst
(increases the rates of chemical reactions within the body)
Define exocytosis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Active transport process that involves the transport
of substances outside the cell - secretory vesicles carrying substances fuse with the plasma
membrane and rupture, releasing the substances to the outside of the cell.
Define facilitated diffusion. - CORRECT ANSWER - Substances are transported either by
binding to carrier proteins (which ferry the substance cross the plasma membrane) or by
moving through channel proteins
CORRECT ANSWER - Accommodation: the contracting of the ciliary muscles and bulging of the
lens that allows the eyes to focus on something near
Refraction: the bending of light when it passes at an angle from one medium into another - the
cornea, lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor are responsible for refraction
Define active transport. - CORRECT ANSWER - Transport process that requires the
breakdown of ATP in order to utilize the released energy to move substances in or out of the
cell. Net movement is often from low concentration to high (against concentration gradient).
Define anatomy. - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of structure.
,Define atom. - CORRECT ANSWER - The basic unit of a chemical element
Define buffer. - CORRECT ANSWER - A substance that is added to a solution in order to
counteract an acid or base and maintain a stable pH
Define cell. - CORRECT ANSWER - The smallest unit of life
Define chondrocyte. - CORRECT ANSWER - Cartilage cell
Define circumduction, abduction, and adduction. - CORRECT ANSWER - Circumduction:
movement of a limb so that it draws a cone in space. Distal end moves in a circle while the
point of the cone is more or less stationary
Abduction: movement of a limb or body part away from the midline of the body
,Adduction: movement of a limb or body part toward the midline of the body
Define concentration gradient. - CORRECT ANSWER - A situation that occurs when the
concentration of a solute is higher in one area than in another
Define cytokinesis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Division of the cytoplasm of a cell
Define daughter cells. - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 daughter cells are the result of the division of
a parent cell
Define desmosome. - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell junction where cells are held together like
Velcro so they don't separate.
, Define element. - CORRECT ANSWER - A unique substance that cannot be broken down by
ordinary chemical methods
Define endocytosis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Active transport process that involves the
transport of substances inside the cell
Define enzyme. - CORRECT ANSWER - A globular protein that acts as a biological catalyst
(increases the rates of chemical reactions within the body)
Define exocytosis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Active transport process that involves the transport
of substances outside the cell - secretory vesicles carrying substances fuse with the plasma
membrane and rupture, releasing the substances to the outside of the cell.
Define facilitated diffusion. - CORRECT ANSWER - Substances are transported either by
binding to carrier proteins (which ferry the substance cross the plasma membrane) or by
moving through channel proteins
