BIOL 5600 Exam 4-Cardiovascular
Physiology, Circulatory Physiology
(Henry Spring) And Already Passed
Answers (2025-2026)
A heart attack that results in 30% damage to the left ventricle is difficult to survive because:
a. the LV has a low amount of muscle mass to begin with and cannot sustain that level of
damage
b. that level of damage compromises blood supply to the lungs, resulting in asphyxia
c. the loss of muscle power prevents the left AV valve from closing
d. the LV needs all its muscle mass to pump blood effectively through the resistance of the
systemic circulation
e. the damage prevents the ventricular myocytes from depolarizing - Answer d. the LV needs
all its muscle mass to pump blood effectively through the resistance of the systemic circulation
The long ventricular AP (300 msec) is adaptive in which of the following ways:
a. it prevents the heart from entering a state of tetany
b. it guarantees a 1:1 relationship between AP and complete contraction and relaxation of the
heart
c. it allows the ventricle to completely fill with blood contraction
d. a and b
e. b and c - Answer d. a and b
-it prevents the heart from entering a state of tetany
- it guarantees a 1:1 relationship between AP and complete contraction and relaxation of the
heart
In the SA node, the spontaneous depolarization (phase 4) that brings the membrane to
threshold is due to:
a. funny NA channels
b. T-type Ca channels
c. L-type Ca channels
d. a and b
, mitral valve prolapse occurs when one of the flaps of the mitral valve bulges upward into the
left atrium when the ventricle contracts. This type of prolapse almost never occurs in the
tricuspid valve, most likely because:
a. the tricuspid valve is thicker, and therefore stronger
b. the right ventricle contracts with much less force than the left, and this does not cause the
valve to prolapse
c. the right ventricle pumps blood to the brain, and prolapse would be fatal
d. the aorta is weaker than the pulmonary artery
e. none of the above - Answer b. the right ventricle contracts with much less force than the
left, and this does not cause the valve to prolapse
Arterial blood pressure is regulated to provide a continuous flow of blood to which of the
following organs
a. liver and heart
b. brain and kidneys
c. liver and brain
d. brain and heart
e. liver and kidneys - Answer d. brain and heart
In the cardiac cycle, which event signifies the repolarization of the atria?
a. P wave
b. T wave
c. QRS complex
d. SA wave
e. none of the above- it is masked by the QRS complex - Answer e. none of the above- it is
masked by the QRS complex
If the stroke volume of the left ventricle is 150 ml/beat, and the heart rate is 65 beats/min, what
is the cardiac output?
a. 9,750 ml/min
b. 215 ml/min
c. 0.43 ml/min
d. 2.31 ml/min
Physiology, Circulatory Physiology
(Henry Spring) And Already Passed
Answers (2025-2026)
A heart attack that results in 30% damage to the left ventricle is difficult to survive because:
a. the LV has a low amount of muscle mass to begin with and cannot sustain that level of
damage
b. that level of damage compromises blood supply to the lungs, resulting in asphyxia
c. the loss of muscle power prevents the left AV valve from closing
d. the LV needs all its muscle mass to pump blood effectively through the resistance of the
systemic circulation
e. the damage prevents the ventricular myocytes from depolarizing - Answer d. the LV needs
all its muscle mass to pump blood effectively through the resistance of the systemic circulation
The long ventricular AP (300 msec) is adaptive in which of the following ways:
a. it prevents the heart from entering a state of tetany
b. it guarantees a 1:1 relationship between AP and complete contraction and relaxation of the
heart
c. it allows the ventricle to completely fill with blood contraction
d. a and b
e. b and c - Answer d. a and b
-it prevents the heart from entering a state of tetany
- it guarantees a 1:1 relationship between AP and complete contraction and relaxation of the
heart
In the SA node, the spontaneous depolarization (phase 4) that brings the membrane to
threshold is due to:
a. funny NA channels
b. T-type Ca channels
c. L-type Ca channels
d. a and b
, mitral valve prolapse occurs when one of the flaps of the mitral valve bulges upward into the
left atrium when the ventricle contracts. This type of prolapse almost never occurs in the
tricuspid valve, most likely because:
a. the tricuspid valve is thicker, and therefore stronger
b. the right ventricle contracts with much less force than the left, and this does not cause the
valve to prolapse
c. the right ventricle pumps blood to the brain, and prolapse would be fatal
d. the aorta is weaker than the pulmonary artery
e. none of the above - Answer b. the right ventricle contracts with much less force than the
left, and this does not cause the valve to prolapse
Arterial blood pressure is regulated to provide a continuous flow of blood to which of the
following organs
a. liver and heart
b. brain and kidneys
c. liver and brain
d. brain and heart
e. liver and kidneys - Answer d. brain and heart
In the cardiac cycle, which event signifies the repolarization of the atria?
a. P wave
b. T wave
c. QRS complex
d. SA wave
e. none of the above- it is masked by the QRS complex - Answer e. none of the above- it is
masked by the QRS complex
If the stroke volume of the left ventricle is 150 ml/beat, and the heart rate is 65 beats/min, what
is the cardiac output?
a. 9,750 ml/min
b. 215 ml/min
c. 0.43 ml/min
d. 2.31 ml/min
