NFS382 Midterm 1: Week 1-5
Define multi vitamin supplement - correct answers Supplement containing 3 or more vitamins
and or minerals
Define EAR - correct answers Level of nutrient estimated to meet requirement of 50% of
individuals within life stage or gender group
Define requirement, in terms of nutrition - correct answers Enough to prevent deficiency and
reduce risk of chronic diseases
Define RDA - correct answers Level of nutrient sufficient to meet requirements of nearly all
individuals (97.5%) in a life stage or gender group. Usually 2 SD's above EAR
Define AI - correct answers Based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of
average nutrient intake by a group, then set higher. Typically done if there isn't enough
scientific evidence.
Define UL - correct answers Highest level of nutrient intake on daily basis that is likely to pose
no risk of adverse effect to almost all individuals in the general population
Challenges of determining DRI's - correct answers Lack of analytical models for chronic disease
outcomes, lack of primary research in young children, lack of funding
What is %DV - correct answers What % of their needs for a certain vitamin/mineral is found in a
food product. Typically use highest required
Who is more likely to use supplements - correct answers Young Children + Elderly, higher
income, women, higher level of education, and higher health conditions
Supplement users tend to... - correct answers Have a lower BMI, smoke less, have lower
inadequacy, less likely to consume >3 alcoholic beverages
In supplement users, what vitamin has the largest inadequacy - correct answers Vitamin D
Food sources of folate - correct answers Fortified in wheat flour, found in fruits, meats and
veggies
RBC folate levels amongst females - correct answers No one below cutoff for deficiency, but
some people below cutoff for neural tube defect prevention
Vitamin A and E blood levels among Americans - correct answers Prevalence < 2%
Vitamin C concentration in blood levels among Canadians - correct answers Fewer than 3%
deficient
Problems of MVM's? - correct answers Disease Interactions, above UL intakes, few RCT's
Structure of folate: constituents - correct answers Pteridine + PABA + Glutamic Acid
, Vitamers of folate - correct answers THF, N5Met THF, N5for THF, N10for THF, N5N10Methylene
THF
Difference between folate and folic acid - correct answers Folic acid is synthetic form of
vitamer, stable and inexpensive
Folic acid fortification - correct answers Added to white flour at 140-150 ug/100g
Define "enriched" foods - correct answers Vitamin/Mineral was lost in the processing of food
and is now added back in
Define "fortified" foods - correct answers Vitamin/Mineral was never originally present in food,
added now
Excellent sources of folate, actual amount - correct answers 55 ug
Excellent sources of folate, foods - correct answers White bread, rolls, pasta, beans, lentils,
chickpeas, spinach
Good sources of folate, actual amount - correct answers 33 ug
Good sources of folate, foods - correct answers Lima beans, corn, bean sprouts, green
vegetables, orange, honeydew, avocado
Sources of folate, actual amount - correct answers 11 ug
Sources of folate, foods - correct answers Cooked carrots, squash, cabbage, strawberries,
banana, grapefruit, cantaloupe
Most highly consumed folate contributor - correct answers Orange Juice
Bioavailability of folate in supplements and fortified foods - correct answers Higher than
natural dietary folate
Why is folate in supplements and fortified foods higher than natural dietary folate? - correct
answers Not trapped in cellular matrices and more stable
1 Dietary Folate Equivalent DFE = ? food folate - correct answers 1 ug
1 Dietary Folate Equivalent DFE = ? folic acid from fortified food or supplement - correct
answers 0.6 ug
1 Dietary Folate Equivalent DFE = ? folic acid from supplement on taken on empty stomach -
correct answers 0.5 ug
Folate absorption: where in the small intestine - correct answers From proximal third of small
intestine
Define multi vitamin supplement - correct answers Supplement containing 3 or more vitamins
and or minerals
Define EAR - correct answers Level of nutrient estimated to meet requirement of 50% of
individuals within life stage or gender group
Define requirement, in terms of nutrition - correct answers Enough to prevent deficiency and
reduce risk of chronic diseases
Define RDA - correct answers Level of nutrient sufficient to meet requirements of nearly all
individuals (97.5%) in a life stage or gender group. Usually 2 SD's above EAR
Define AI - correct answers Based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of
average nutrient intake by a group, then set higher. Typically done if there isn't enough
scientific evidence.
Define UL - correct answers Highest level of nutrient intake on daily basis that is likely to pose
no risk of adverse effect to almost all individuals in the general population
Challenges of determining DRI's - correct answers Lack of analytical models for chronic disease
outcomes, lack of primary research in young children, lack of funding
What is %DV - correct answers What % of their needs for a certain vitamin/mineral is found in a
food product. Typically use highest required
Who is more likely to use supplements - correct answers Young Children + Elderly, higher
income, women, higher level of education, and higher health conditions
Supplement users tend to... - correct answers Have a lower BMI, smoke less, have lower
inadequacy, less likely to consume >3 alcoholic beverages
In supplement users, what vitamin has the largest inadequacy - correct answers Vitamin D
Food sources of folate - correct answers Fortified in wheat flour, found in fruits, meats and
veggies
RBC folate levels amongst females - correct answers No one below cutoff for deficiency, but
some people below cutoff for neural tube defect prevention
Vitamin A and E blood levels among Americans - correct answers Prevalence < 2%
Vitamin C concentration in blood levels among Canadians - correct answers Fewer than 3%
deficient
Problems of MVM's? - correct answers Disease Interactions, above UL intakes, few RCT's
Structure of folate: constituents - correct answers Pteridine + PABA + Glutamic Acid
, Vitamers of folate - correct answers THF, N5Met THF, N5for THF, N10for THF, N5N10Methylene
THF
Difference between folate and folic acid - correct answers Folic acid is synthetic form of
vitamer, stable and inexpensive
Folic acid fortification - correct answers Added to white flour at 140-150 ug/100g
Define "enriched" foods - correct answers Vitamin/Mineral was lost in the processing of food
and is now added back in
Define "fortified" foods - correct answers Vitamin/Mineral was never originally present in food,
added now
Excellent sources of folate, actual amount - correct answers 55 ug
Excellent sources of folate, foods - correct answers White bread, rolls, pasta, beans, lentils,
chickpeas, spinach
Good sources of folate, actual amount - correct answers 33 ug
Good sources of folate, foods - correct answers Lima beans, corn, bean sprouts, green
vegetables, orange, honeydew, avocado
Sources of folate, actual amount - correct answers 11 ug
Sources of folate, foods - correct answers Cooked carrots, squash, cabbage, strawberries,
banana, grapefruit, cantaloupe
Most highly consumed folate contributor - correct answers Orange Juice
Bioavailability of folate in supplements and fortified foods - correct answers Higher than
natural dietary folate
Why is folate in supplements and fortified foods higher than natural dietary folate? - correct
answers Not trapped in cellular matrices and more stable
1 Dietary Folate Equivalent DFE = ? food folate - correct answers 1 ug
1 Dietary Folate Equivalent DFE = ? folic acid from fortified food or supplement - correct
answers 0.6 ug
1 Dietary Folate Equivalent DFE = ? folic acid from supplement on taken on empty stomach -
correct answers 0.5 ug
Folate absorption: where in the small intestine - correct answers From proximal third of small
intestine
