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AP Macroeconomics Final Exam 2025/2026 – 180+ Essential Definitions & Concepts | GDP, Inflation, Money Supply, Unemployment, Trade, Fiscal & Monetary Policy

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This updated and comprehensive AP Macroeconomics Final Exam Study Guide for 2025/2026 includes over 180 key terms, definitions, and explanations, precisely tailored to match the AP curriculum and college-level macroeconomic standards. The document covers every foundational and advanced topic required for success in end-of-course exams, including: Core economic concepts like scarcity, opportunity cost, marginal analysis, and efficiency GDP measurement approaches and components (C+I+G+NX) Detailed types of unemployment and inflation, including cyclical, frictional, structural, and stagflation Monetary systems, the Federal Reserve, money multipliers, and M1/M2/M3 classifications Price indices, real vs nominal values, and the impact of inflation Aggregate supply and demand models, Phillips curve, economic gaps (recessionary, inflationary) International trade, exchange rates, balance of payments, and globalization This document is particularly useful for: AP Macroeconomics students preparing for final exams and standardized testing IB Economics students focusing on macroeconomics and international modules Undergraduates in introductory macroeconomics courses (ECON 101, Principles of Macroeconomics) Tutors, homeschooling parents, and self-paced learners looking for a fully structured glossary of macroeconomic theory Each definition is explained in accessible academic language, making this resource ideal for both review and deeper conceptual understanding. From fiscal and monetary policy mechanisms to labor markets and banking operations, this guide ensures learners are fully equipped for exam success. Keywords: macroeconomics, AP exam review, monetary policy, fiscal policy, GDP, inflation, unemployment, opportunity cost, aggregate demand, Phillips curve, money supply, interest rate, exchange rate, trade balance, Federal Reserve, real vs nominal, CPI, M1 M2 M3, economic growth

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Uploaded on
July 30, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
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AP Macroeconomics Final Exam
2025/2026 Exam Questions and Correct
Answers | New Update



Goods - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Items purchased to satisfy needs and wants


Services - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Activities performed by people, firms or government

agencies to satisfy economic wants.


Capital - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An economic and political system in which a country's

trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the

state.


Entrepreneurship - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the process of starting, organizing, managing,

and assuming the responsibility for a business


Scarcity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A situation in which unlimited wants exceed the limited

resources available to fulfill those wants

,Economics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The study of choices leading to the best possible use

of scarce resources in order to best satisfy the unlimited human needs and wants.


Rationing Device - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A means for deciding who gets what portion

of the available resources and goods.


Opportunity Cost - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cost of the next best alternative use of money,

time, or resources when one choice is made rather than another


Marginal Benefits - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Additional benefits; the benefits connected

with consuming an additional unit of a good or undertaking one more unit of an

activity.


Marginal Costs - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the change in total cost due to a one-unit

increasing the variable input; the cost of using more of a factor of production.


Efficiency - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A measure of how well or how productively

resources are used to achieve a goal


Exchange - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The act of obtaining a desired object from someone

by offering something in return.

, 3


Positive Economics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An approach to economics that seeks to

understand behavior and the operation of systems without making judgments. It

describes what exists and how it works.


Normative Economics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The body of economics based on

normative statements, which involve beliefs, or value judgements about what

ought to be. Normative statements cannot be true or false; they can only be

assessed relative to beliefs and value judgements. Normative economics forms the

basis of economic policies.


Microeconomics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The study of how households and firms make

choices, how they interact in markets, and how the government attempts to

influence their choices.


Macroeconomics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Deals with the economy as a whole.

Macroeconomics focuses on the determinants of total national income, deals with

aggregates such as aggregate consumption and investment, and looks at the overall

level of prices instead of individual prices.


Production Possibilities Curve - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔All possible combination of the

maximum amounts of two goods that can be produced by an economy, given fixed

and unchanging resources and technology.


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