S-131 FIREFIGHTER TYPE 1
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED A+)
How do you determine size of safety zones? - ANSWER Separation distance between
the firefighter and the flames should be at least four times the maximum continuous
flame height. Distance separation for flat terrain and no wind is the radius from the
center of the safety zone to the nearest fuels.
If you are at the decision point in the risk management process, when can you proceed?
- ANSWER After you have developed controls, and the checklist is checked off:
Are controls in place?
Are selected tactics based on expected fire behavior?
Have instructions been given and understood?
+consider risks versus gain
How do you describe targets for bucket drops - ANSWER Give general location
Identify any flight hazards
Finalize location
Describe target
Know the pilot's intentions
Where can you find burn injury treatments? - ANSWER IRPG page 111
Who is required to supervise downhill fireline construction? What qualifications do they
need? - ANSWER A TFLD or ICT4 qualified or better person is required to supervise
and stays with the job until it is complete
Structure size-up continued - ANSWER Tactical Challenges and Hazards
(Firefighters with a safety zone can safely defend structures with some challenges.)
• Narrow roads, unknown bridge limits, and septic tank locations.
• Ornamental plants and combustible debris within 30 feet of structure.
• Wooden siding and/or wooden roof materials.
• Open vents, eaves, decks, and other ember traps.
• Fuel tanks and hazardous materials.
• Powerlines or underground utilities.
• Limited water sources.
• Prevailing sense of urgency.
• Property owners remaining on-site or evacuations, which may cause panic.
• Smoke byproducts are often laced with chemical compounds not found in pure
wildland fires.
L in LCES? - ANSWER Lookout(s)
• Experienced, competent, trusted
• Enough lookouts at good vantage points
, • Knowledge of crew locations
• Knowledge of escape and safety locations
• Knowledge of trigger points
• Map, weather kit, watch, IAP
C in LCES? - ANSWER Communication(s)
• Radio frequencies confirmed
• Backup procedures and check-in times established
• Provide updates on any situation change
• Sound alarm early, not late
E in LCES? - ANSWER Escape Route(s)
• More than one escape route
• Avoid steep uphill escape routes
• Scouted for loose soils, rocks, vegetation
• Timed considering slowest person, fatigue, and temperature factors
• Marked for day or night
• Evaluate escape time vs. rate of spread
• Vehicles parked for escape
S in LCES? - ANSWER Safety Zone(s)
• Survivable without a fire shelter
• Back into clean burn
• Natural features (rock areas, water, meadows)
• Constructed sites (clear-cuts, roads, helispots)
• Scouted for size and hazards
• Upslope? Downwind? Heavy Fuels? Each means more heat impact meaning larger
safety zone.
What are the structure protection tactics? - ANSWER Rapid mitigation measures
Equipment and water use
Patrol following the fire front
What are the Rapid mitigation measures? - ANSWER • Remove small combustibles
immediately next to the structure.
• Close windows and doors, including the garage (leave unlocked).
• Clean area around fuel tank and shut off tank.
• Charge garden hoses.
• Apply CAF, foam, or gel retardants if available.
What are the Equipment and water uses? - ANSWER • Mark entrance to indicate a
staffed location if it is not obvious.
• Charge hose lines.
• Long hose lays are not recommended.
• Keep 100 gallons of water in reserve.
• Identify a backup water source.
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED A+)
How do you determine size of safety zones? - ANSWER Separation distance between
the firefighter and the flames should be at least four times the maximum continuous
flame height. Distance separation for flat terrain and no wind is the radius from the
center of the safety zone to the nearest fuels.
If you are at the decision point in the risk management process, when can you proceed?
- ANSWER After you have developed controls, and the checklist is checked off:
Are controls in place?
Are selected tactics based on expected fire behavior?
Have instructions been given and understood?
+consider risks versus gain
How do you describe targets for bucket drops - ANSWER Give general location
Identify any flight hazards
Finalize location
Describe target
Know the pilot's intentions
Where can you find burn injury treatments? - ANSWER IRPG page 111
Who is required to supervise downhill fireline construction? What qualifications do they
need? - ANSWER A TFLD or ICT4 qualified or better person is required to supervise
and stays with the job until it is complete
Structure size-up continued - ANSWER Tactical Challenges and Hazards
(Firefighters with a safety zone can safely defend structures with some challenges.)
• Narrow roads, unknown bridge limits, and septic tank locations.
• Ornamental plants and combustible debris within 30 feet of structure.
• Wooden siding and/or wooden roof materials.
• Open vents, eaves, decks, and other ember traps.
• Fuel tanks and hazardous materials.
• Powerlines or underground utilities.
• Limited water sources.
• Prevailing sense of urgency.
• Property owners remaining on-site or evacuations, which may cause panic.
• Smoke byproducts are often laced with chemical compounds not found in pure
wildland fires.
L in LCES? - ANSWER Lookout(s)
• Experienced, competent, trusted
• Enough lookouts at good vantage points
, • Knowledge of crew locations
• Knowledge of escape and safety locations
• Knowledge of trigger points
• Map, weather kit, watch, IAP
C in LCES? - ANSWER Communication(s)
• Radio frequencies confirmed
• Backup procedures and check-in times established
• Provide updates on any situation change
• Sound alarm early, not late
E in LCES? - ANSWER Escape Route(s)
• More than one escape route
• Avoid steep uphill escape routes
• Scouted for loose soils, rocks, vegetation
• Timed considering slowest person, fatigue, and temperature factors
• Marked for day or night
• Evaluate escape time vs. rate of spread
• Vehicles parked for escape
S in LCES? - ANSWER Safety Zone(s)
• Survivable without a fire shelter
• Back into clean burn
• Natural features (rock areas, water, meadows)
• Constructed sites (clear-cuts, roads, helispots)
• Scouted for size and hazards
• Upslope? Downwind? Heavy Fuels? Each means more heat impact meaning larger
safety zone.
What are the structure protection tactics? - ANSWER Rapid mitigation measures
Equipment and water use
Patrol following the fire front
What are the Rapid mitigation measures? - ANSWER • Remove small combustibles
immediately next to the structure.
• Close windows and doors, including the garage (leave unlocked).
• Clean area around fuel tank and shut off tank.
• Charge garden hoses.
• Apply CAF, foam, or gel retardants if available.
What are the Equipment and water uses? - ANSWER • Mark entrance to indicate a
staffed location if it is not obvious.
• Charge hose lines.
• Long hose lays are not recommended.
• Keep 100 gallons of water in reserve.
• Identify a backup water source.
