N580 Exam 1 2025/2026 Exam Questions
and Correct Answers | New Update
adult male water composition - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔60%
adult female water composition - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔50%
neonate water composition - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔70%
intracellular fluid - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔2/3 of total body water
extracellular fluid - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1/3 of total body water
interstitial + intravascular
Osmosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
osmole - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔unit used to express osmotic pressure
Osmolarity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔osmole concentration expressed in liters of body
fluid
normal osmolarity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔290 mOsm/L
1
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,0.9% sodium chloride - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔isotonic
5% glucose in water - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔isotonic, however glucose is metabolized,
net effect hypotonic
lactated ringers w/ 5% glucose - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔hypertonic, however glucose is
metabolized, solution is LESS hypertonic
hypertonic - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cell shrinks, increase in intravascular volume
hypotonic - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cell swells, increase in intracellular volume
Dehydration - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔decrease in extracellular fluid volume (GI, renal,
diaphoresis);
osmolarity is equal
passive transport - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Membranes consist of a superficial covering of
proteins & central core lipid bilayer
Membrane has polar and nonpolar compounds
Drugs have lipid and water soluble properties that facilitate transfer
polar - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔hydrophilic, electronegative
nonpolar - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔lipophilic, electropositive
2
COPYRIGHT@SARAHROSAPERAL 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, aqueous diffusion or filtration - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Involves the flow of water that
occurs as a result of hydrostatic pressure or osmotic differences across a membrane
Determinants of rate of diffusion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔drug concentration, drug
molecular weight, diffusion surface area, temperature, diffusion distance
carrier-mediated active transport - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Rapid transfer of organic
substances
Facilitated by glucose & amino acids
Pinocytosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔molecules are placed in small vesicles then it
crosses the cell membrane
Van der Waals bond - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔molecules in the same substance, easily
breakable
hydrophobic bond - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔nonpolar, repel water
hydrogen bond - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔polar molecules
ionic bond - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔sodium chloride, transfer of electrons between atoms
that are oppositely charged
covalent - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔sharing of electrons, hard to reverse
3
COPYRIGHT@SARAHROSAPERAL 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
and Correct Answers | New Update
adult male water composition - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔60%
adult female water composition - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔50%
neonate water composition - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔70%
intracellular fluid - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔2/3 of total body water
extracellular fluid - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1/3 of total body water
interstitial + intravascular
Osmosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
osmole - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔unit used to express osmotic pressure
Osmolarity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔osmole concentration expressed in liters of body
fluid
normal osmolarity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔290 mOsm/L
1
COPYRIGHT@SARAHROSAPERAL 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,0.9% sodium chloride - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔isotonic
5% glucose in water - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔isotonic, however glucose is metabolized,
net effect hypotonic
lactated ringers w/ 5% glucose - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔hypertonic, however glucose is
metabolized, solution is LESS hypertonic
hypertonic - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cell shrinks, increase in intravascular volume
hypotonic - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cell swells, increase in intracellular volume
Dehydration - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔decrease in extracellular fluid volume (GI, renal,
diaphoresis);
osmolarity is equal
passive transport - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Membranes consist of a superficial covering of
proteins & central core lipid bilayer
Membrane has polar and nonpolar compounds
Drugs have lipid and water soluble properties that facilitate transfer
polar - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔hydrophilic, electronegative
nonpolar - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔lipophilic, electropositive
2
COPYRIGHT@SARAHROSAPERAL 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, aqueous diffusion or filtration - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Involves the flow of water that
occurs as a result of hydrostatic pressure or osmotic differences across a membrane
Determinants of rate of diffusion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔drug concentration, drug
molecular weight, diffusion surface area, temperature, diffusion distance
carrier-mediated active transport - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Rapid transfer of organic
substances
Facilitated by glucose & amino acids
Pinocytosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔molecules are placed in small vesicles then it
crosses the cell membrane
Van der Waals bond - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔molecules in the same substance, easily
breakable
hydrophobic bond - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔nonpolar, repel water
hydrogen bond - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔polar molecules
ionic bond - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔sodium chloride, transfer of electrons between atoms
that are oppositely charged
covalent - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔sharing of electrons, hard to reverse
3
COPYRIGHT@SARAHROSAPERAL 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
